As a result of recent market reforms and transformational reforms, cardinal changes have taken place in the living conditions of the Russian population, which significantly affected the psychological and physical behavior of people, including fertility.
Thus, a demographic problem arose in Russia, which left a certain imprint on the standard of living of the population, which has significantly transformed in recent years.
The main factors that lower living standards are:
- A rapid decline in the income of a certain part of the population;
- a significant proportion of the poor with a rather vague definition of the level of poverty;
- significant unemployment, coupled with non-payment of salaries;
- the destruction of the social sphere.
All these facts affected the welfare of the population. The problems in Russia were marked by a natural decline followed by the cessation of population growth, which led to its decline. Thus, the formation of an ineffective model of internal and external migration is traced.
The demographic problem in Russia was the result of the use of "shock therapy", which led to a drop in incomes of citizens, and hopes for their restoration in the next decade are low. So, based on historical data, only in 2002 did the
real incomes of the population reach the 1997 level.
The main factor in a twofold decrease in the standard of living of Russian citizens in comparison with 1991. is the inadequacy of wages. Due to its significant decline, wages ceased to function:
- reproduction (is not even the simplest reproduction of the labor force of a citizen);
- economic (does not stimulate an increase in productivity and quality of labor);
- social.
The demographic problem in Russia indicates a very low consumer level of the population. Confirmation of the above is statistics. So, the average cost of food is about half of the total costs of Russian families. Despite the fact that in other countries this indicator does not exceed 30%. It should be noted that all this happens in the presence of huge resources.
The demographic problem in Russia reflects the
natural population decline that began in 1992. In the indicated year, the mortality and fertility curves intersected, and it is not yet possible to detect signs of significant improvement.
Of course, a similar situation in other states leaves its mark on Russia's demographic problems. For example, in many countries there is a significant decrease in birth rates, which in the near future may lead to a slowdown in population growth. However, the world's demographic problem is determined not only by a decrease in population growth, but also by factors such as climatic features of the regions, the state of their external environment, and social and economic living conditions.