The manufacturing process is a complex system. It requires the right organization. This becomes possible only if all external and internal factors that affect the enterprise are taken into account. There are various forms of organization of production. Their main features will be discussed later.
Features of strategic planning
Before creating an enterprise, its founders must choose the type of its concept. The competitiveness of the organization, its profit and stable development will depend on this. There are various legal forms of organization of production.
The choice of a particular concept when creating an organization depends on a number of factors. For this, in-depth strategic planning is carried out. It is of a long-term nature. This takes into account all types of investments that the organization expects to receive in the process of its work. The risks and chances of a company in a competitive environment depend on the correctness of long-term planning, the choice of a particular form of organization. The features of output, its quality, cost will depend on this. In addition, the selected form of organization of production affects the competitiveness of a certain type of product. As well as the flexibility of the reaction of the manufacturer to changes in the market environment.
Choosing the forms and methods of organizing production, you need to complete all stages of strategic planning. First, a concept for the development of production is created. This is the main plan that the organization will adhere to when conducting its activities.
Next, the type of production is determined. There are several options for the operation of the enterprise or one of its lines:
- single production;
- small-scale production;
- mass production.
Based on the chosen concept, given the scale and characteristics of production, they choose the method of its organization. It can be individual, continuous or group production. The choice depends on the type of product, the features of its manufacture.
Only after that the company can make the right decision on choosing the form of organization. This may be cooperation, specialization, concentration, combination and diversification. At the strategic planning stage, production capacity is also laid.
Production and its types
Forms of organization of production and industry are determined on the basis of the characteristics of a particular type of organization. There are several types of product manufacturing process concepts.
Unit production is piece production. The nomenclature in this case is unstable and diverse. This type of organization is characteristic of production with a significant share of manual labor. There is also a technological specialization and a long production cycle. This is due to the lack of automation of finished products processes.
Single production is inherent in industries in which high professionalism of workers is required. Their manual labor is unique. However, the equipment with which each operation is carried out must be universal.
Considering the forms of organization of production and labor, it should be noted such a type as mass production. This is a common approach. It involves the release of finished products in batches or series. The nomenclature of repeating products is extensive. Products are produced in large quantities. Handwork is the place to be. However, its amount in the total mass of technological operations is insignificant.
In mass production, there is specialization, and a long cycle will be quite short. All parts get a unified configuration.
Mass production is continuous. Equipment does not stop for a long period. The product range is limited. The volume of production is very large. The level of professional training of workers may be average. At the same time, there is specialization. Such production is controlled by a dispatcher. This allows you to achieve low production costs, as well as high labor productivity.
Forms of labor organization
Before you consider the forms of social organization of production, you need to pay attention to approaches in the development of labor principles. It can be organized in different ways. The form of labor organization can be point-based. In this case, the finished product is assembled at one workplace. Here is its main part.
The technological form of labor organization is inherent in the shop structure of production. Here, the objects of labor are transmitted sequentially. Most often, such an organization of the labor process is found in engineering enterprises.
The main forms of organization of production today allow you to organize the whole process as correctly and harmoniously as possible. In addition to the above two types of labor, there is also a direct-flow type of structures. It is characterized by a single, linear transfer of objects of labor. This is a specialized, continuous and parallel production.
The subject form of labor is characterized by a cellular structure. Objects of labor can be transmitted sequentially or sequentially in parallel. This allows you to transfer items, parts and blanks immediately to a subsequent workplace. In this case, there is no need to transport products to the warehouse.
The integrated form of labor combines the main and auxiliary operations. The result is a single process. It is integrated, has a cellular structure. Also, such production can be organized in a series-parallel, linear or sequential form of organization of the transfer of objects of labor. In this case, operations such as processing, management, warehousing, and transportation are combined into a single process. All jobs in this case are combined by a single transport and storage automated system.
Production methods
There are various forms and methods of organizing production. They allow you to rationally organize the entire process of manufacturing products in space, time. When organizing individual production, a single type of output is used. There is no specialization in the workplace. The equipment is located in groups in accordance with its functional purpose. In this case, the parts move sequentially from one operation to the next level.
Serving jobs with an individual method of organizing the manufacturing process of parts is characterized by the presence of one set of tools. There are very few universal devices. At the same time, transportation of parts from the warehouse to the warehouse is performed several times during the working day.
The issues of the correct creation and flow of technological cycles are the responsibility of the management team. He also manages the organization of production. Forms of organization of production and its methods can be built according to the scheme of continuous production. This type of manufacturing of parts is possible when creating blanks of the same type. In this case, jobs are set along the manufacturing process. Each employee specializes in one operation. At the next stage of processing, parts arrive in small batches or even piece by piece.
With this method of production, it is important to maintain the rhythm and synchronism of all operations. Particular attention is paid to the maintenance of all workplaces in production.
The group method of organizing the production process is characteristic for the manufacture of homogeneous products. They are created in repeating batches. The technological process is unified. Specialization of workers is fake. A schedule is being developed according to which parts are received in the production process. Each section or workshop performs a complex of work operations completed from a technological point of view.
Concentration
There are certain factors that allow the development of the enterprise and the entire economy. Forms of organization of production, if they were correctly chosen for each type of production, can have a significant impact on the work of the organization, as well as the national economy as a whole.
One such form is concentration. It involves the concentration of a large number of technological cycles for the production of finished products in one enterprise. This form of organization is inherent in large companies.
Consolidation of production may be different. Allocate the technological, aggregate, factory, as well as the economic and organizational form of this process.
Concentration has a lot of positive characteristics for the enterprise. It allows you to increase output if the market allows it. In this case, both intensive and extensive factors of product improvement are used. There are a lot of goods for sale in this case, allowing them to fill a significant part of the market. Concentration also reduces the cost of production, which makes it competitive.
Various economic forms of organization of production have both advantages and disadvantages. Significant concentration leads to the emergence of a monopolist on the market. This does not allow the industry to develop harmoniously. In this case, competition is practically absent. This does not allow the market to improve, develop.
There are several varieties of concentration. Aggregate form involves the acquisition of more powerful equipment. This allows you to produce more products. Technological concentration takes place in the consolidation of shops and sites. In this case, both the number of pieces of equipment and their capacity increase.
The most difficult form is factory concentration. In this case, they talk about the enlargement of the entire organization. This provides the company with many new opportunities and advantages. Cost can be reduced through economies of scale. This allows you to supply competitive products to the market.
Economic concentration involves the creation of concerns, associations that use the same scientific and technical base.
Specialization
Studying the basic forms of organization of production, it is necessary to pay attention to such a variety as specialization. Each production unit or organization as a whole produces homogeneous products. Specialization can be substantive, technological or detail. They are forms of organization of production of the type presented.
In the first case, the unit or the entire organization produces certain types of finished products. With technological specialization, each site, workshop produces a certain type of workpiece. This allows you to ultimately assemble the finished product.
Particular specialization is based on the production of individual parts of a workpiece or finished product. Often at the same enterprise all forms of specialization are applied. For each type of workshop or production site, a specific type of this organizational form is inherent.
Application in production specialization allows you to automate the process. This improves labor productivity. The cost of production will decrease. Each specialist, a separate workplace, site, workshop or the whole enterprise produces the same products. Its quality will be significantly higher than before the specialization policy.
Cooperation
Studying the forms of social organization of production, it is necessary to pay attention to the features of such a process as cooperation. Without it, specialization cannot exist. Cooperation is a set of intra-production relations that ensure the coordinated work of all shops and sections. They work as a single mechanism for creating a specific finished product.
Each of the divisions is engaged in the manufacture of a certain type of parts, products. They transfer their workpieces to a subsequent workshop, where subsequent refinement of the structure is carried out. So the process continues until the finished product is created.
Cooperation allows us to produce products according to a single standard. This is one big mechanism in which all parts are interconnected. If the work of one workshop is disrupted, the remaining units will feel it.
So, the most striking example of the presented form of organization of production of the enterprise according to the cooperation system is the manufacture of equipment. Each subsequent level receives a blank from the previous section. If adjustments are required, this can be done at any level. This approach allows you to effectively transfer information between all parts of the technological cycle, achieving high results. This improves the quality of the finished product, as well as labor productivity.
Combination
Another form of organization of production is combination. This approach allows you to combine several different directions of production to achieve a single ultimate goal. Representatives of different industries can be combined here.
The main signs of the combination is the union of different industries that operate in different areas of the economy. In addition, each of these constituent elements must be proportional. This allows you to produce finished products harmoniously. In such associations, industrial, technical and economic unity is observed. These are the characteristic features of such industries.
As a rule, all production components of the plant are located on the same territory. This expresses their production unity. Production are interconnected by different types of communications. Moreover, they have a single energy system, as well as serving and business units.
Technical, economic unity is expressed in the conformity of products of diverse enterprises to uniform quality standards. Each of them produces as many products as are required for further processing by another member of the plant. For this, a single management center operates. This allows you to coordinate all actions.
Considering the forms of organization of industrial production, it is worth noting that the metallurgical enterprise is the most obvious example of a plant. It can combine in itself the factories that are engaged in the extraction and enrichment of raw materials, coke, steel production. Moreover, all the elements of this mechanism work together.
Diversification
Considering the forms of organization of production, diversification should be considered in detail. This type of process is one of the innovative approaches. The company expands its activities through the launch of a new product line. Diversification is associated with concentration, which is carried out at the intersectoral level.
This approach is often used by monopolistic enterprises. They produce multidirectional groups of goods, distributing them in the markets of various industries. This approach minimizes the risks of the company. If one of its production becomes unprofitable, the second line will be able to provide income. He will cover expenses in excess of net profit from the first line.
Diversification may be related or unrelated. The second option is the production of a parallel product line, which is not related to the main profile of the company. This allows you to integrate in the new market, occupy your niche in it. Related diversification involves the production of homogeneous products that meet the core business profile of the company.
Production Organization Tasks
Choosing the forms of organization of production, management seeks to create conditions for the most efficient operation of the company. For this, a number of tasks are set in the strategic planning process. The company management should pursue a policy of the proper organization of the production process.
This allows you to save labor resources, streamline the relationship between all the elements of a single system. The nature of the work of employees in this case becomes more creative. . .
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