The development of society involves the search and implementation of a new, better, fully automated. Energy was no exception. It also introduces innovations, improves power supply systems, regulates the main parameters of the network and so on. Almost all innovations are intertwined with telemechanics in the electric power industry. How it works and why to use it in the daily work of power engineers, we read further in the article.
Telemechanics in the electric power industry: what is it?
In the modern sense, this concept can be considered a science or a branch of technology. Universities and energy-oriented institutes are studying a subject where basic concepts are given about the transmission of coded radio and electrical signals, which are the basis for controlling, monitoring and measuring parameters of power equipment.
As for the technology industry, the practical sphere is considered here. The latter involves the implementation of tasks by transmitting encoded signals. It is important to note that telemechanics in the electric power industry are built on various coding standards, involving the use of one or another equipment.
How telemechanics works: components
The operation is perfectly shown in the diagram above. There is equipment (measuring, signaling or control) that is connected to the telemechanics cabinet. After that, the coding of information transmitted through communication channels to the receiving server part. Here, decoding is performed with the result displayed on the console in the control room.
Based on such a system, to establish the unity of the process it will be required: the server part at the substation and at the control room; means for transmitting analog signal information; coding and decoding element. Adjustment and maintenance is carried out by the SDTU service.
Basic requirements for telemechanics
Telemechanics in the electric power industry is a complex system that has special requirements for a number of characteristics. Currently, the following positions are based:
- Reliability. The ability of equipment to perform its tasks under certain conditions and in a given period. Rationing is associated with the average time between failures and is expressed in hours. There are 3 classes of reliability.
- Readiness. The presented position is characterized by the ability to carry out the tasks assigned to it by telemechanics. It is expressed as a probabilistic value, which is the ratio of the operating time to the operating time taking into account downtime.
- Maintainability. This is the ability to restore equipment health when a failure is detected. The characteristic is expressed by the average time for repair of telemechanics.
- Security. This requirement complements the above and is manifested through the ability to avoid an uncontrolled or dangerous situation.
- Credibility. This characteristic largely determines the effectiveness of telemechanics. Some errors can lead to incorrect measurement, which affects the operation of the equipment and the decision-making of maintenance personnel.
Tele alarm, telecontrol and telemetry
In a simple sense for dummies, telemechanics in the electric power industry are built on the following triad:
- TV alarm. It involves the transfer of information about current measurements at substations. As noted above, the system requires high accuracy, since the correctness of the decisions made depends on this. To determine the accuracy, telemechanics incorporate algorithms that reserve the functioning of the entire measurement system.
- Telecontrol. In the electric power industry, telemechanics are used to control equipment mainly at substations of 110 kV and higher. This is due to the transformer having its own needs, which provide power to the telemechanics. But modern transformer substations of the distribution network are also equipped with switches that have telecontrol.
- TV measurement. The presented direction involves the transfer of information to the console by periodically interrogating equipment. As for measurements, the parameters of the load (A), voltage (V, kV), consumption (mW) are important for a high-voltage substation. This allows you to maintain a mode of operation, to ensure the supply of electricity while maintaining quality characteristics. For example, information on the voltage level can be a signal to lower or increase the latter through the on-load tap-changer.
These methods are the guarantee of the effective work of dispatching personnel in the conditions of continuous operation of the network and equipment.
Current trends: automation of electrical networks
The concept of telemechanics in the electric power industry is reflected above, what it is and why it is required. Note that the issue of automation at the present stage of development of the industry is acute. Most advanced countries invest huge amounts of money in this area, creating integrated networks called SmartGrid.
The latter assumes full autonomy of the work, starting from transporting high-voltage electric over long distances, ending with "smart switching" to eliminate damage to cable lines in distribution networks. Technologies do not stand still, and following new trends allows you to get benefits:
- Reduction of real losses due to accounting with parallel transmission of information upon request.
- Obtaining reliable data on the actual consumption of electric energy, the possibility of careful planning and control of energy consumption.
- Decreased accident rate, increased reliability. Reducing the time to eliminate the accident in distribution networks.
- Improving personnel safety, which is expressed in the absence of the need for operational switching.
Conclusion
Modern trends make telemechanics in the electric power industry an indispensable element that ensures maximum efficiency in the control, maintenance and management of the power system. In the near future, the educational specialty will be most in demand. Therefore, every young man who has not yet found himself in life can immerse himself in the study of telemechanics and provide himself with a good income in the future.