Serial production of a lifting vehicle ZIL 5301 "Bull" started at the plant them. Likhachev in 1996. The decision to produce a medium-tonnage car was made after demand for other products fell sharply at the plant. Management was urgently required to seek new solutions to maintain the viability of the enterprise. The way out of the financial crisis was the development by designers of production for the manufacture of a three-ton truck. Subsequently, the novelty was popularly called "Goby".
Machine purpose
The on-board cargo-lifting ZIL “Bull-calf”, so named by the drivers for its reliability and carrying capacity, was used for transporting various materials in dense city traffic. Compact chassis allowed drivers to maneuver in the flows of cars, as well as easily park in the narrow streets of megacities. The small dimensions of the car allowed to save parking space.
The diesel engine proved to be a very reliable and economical power unit, which significantly reduced the cost of freight forwarding companies. The fuel consumption of a working ZIL of this model was about 12 liters in a mixed driving cycle. All of the above factors made this mid-tonnage car a bestseller. He especially fell in love with small business executives.
Modifications
In the photo in the article stands in the courtyard of the native factory on-board ZIL 5301 "Bull". The company, named after Likhachev, also produced a lot of modifications of the famous truck "Goby", which were intended for various purposes. All modifications of the car of this brand are listed in the list below:
- ZIL with an index of 5301AO. It is the basic version of the model.
- Lifting ZIL "Bull-calf" 5301BO. The letter at the end of the marking meant that the truck was made with a platform that allows the installation of additional equipment. Also, such a car at the request of the customer was equipped with one of several bodies to choose from. Typically, such vehicles were purchased by utilities to transport heavy and bulky equipment.
- The designation “GO” or “PO” means that the “Bull-calf” is equipped with a capacious closed body (metal, isothermal).
- The letters "DO" in the name of the car means that the truck is equipped with an extended platform.
- ZIL 5301EO is a truck with an extended platform and a body for various purposes.
- Lifting ZIL "Goby" van. Its marking: 5301IO.
- ZIL 5301TO - a car with a cabin for four people. She also has four doors.
- ZIL 5301YUO - a car equipped with a cabin, where there is a berth for rest and sleep.
Also, at the Likhachev plant, ZIL 5301 “Bychok” trucks were produced in small batches, whose technical characteristics made it possible to carry out transportation with a low loading height. For this purpose, special sliding doors were placed on the cars on the right side, so that people could easily go inside and leave the cabin without much difficulty.
In 1998, the production launched the production of minibuses based on the ZIL "Bull-calf". Technical characteristics of the car allowed to accommodate from 15 to 19 passengers in its cabin. The quantity depended on the modification.
The main parameters of the truck
Many truck drivers are interested in the question of what is the carrying capacity of the ZIL 3501 "Bull-calf". This car in the basic modification 5301AO possessed excellent technical characteristics. Among them:
- The maximum carrying capacity of the ZIL "Bull-calf" according to the passport is 3450 kg.
- The total weight of the car is 3350 kg.
- The impact of the front axle of the car on the roadway transmitted through the tires - 1900 kgf.
- The impact of the rear axle of the car on the roadway transmitted through the tires - 1450 kgf.
- The maximum total weight of the car with a full load is 6950 kg.
- The impact of the front axle of the car with a full load on the roadway transmitted through the tires - 2350 kgf;
- The impact of the rear axle of the car with a full load on the roadway transmitted through the tires is 4900 kgf.
- Engine power - 136 horsepower.
- Ground clearance - 160 mm.
- Turn on radius - 7.8 mm.
- Diesel fuel consumption per 100 kilometers - 12 liters.
Car device
The “Goby” design is considered traditional for medium-sized rear-wheel drive trucks. The main part of the machine is a rigid frame on which power units are installed (diesel engine, manual gearbox and clutch). Also, the cab and spring units with shock absorbers are mounted on it. Through the chassis of the ZIL 5301, the rear and front axles are attached to the frame.
On domestic trucks of this brand several types of diesel engines were used. All of them are made at the Minsk Automobile Plant. The gearbox is only mechanical.
Additional truck equipment includes:
- Power steering.
- Hydraulic-assisted brakes.
Main nodes
The truck, popularly called "Goby", has the following main components and parts:
- Metal frame of the staircase type.
- Longitudinal spars made of steel profiles.
- Crossbars consisting of steel pipes and channels.
All parts listed in the list above are bolted to each other and to the frame.
As the power unit, two types of engines were used:
- Since 1996, ZIL 5301 trucks drove out of the gates of the native Minsk Mechanical Plant with turbocharged engines. Their brand is D-245.
- In early 2008, cars began to be equipped with a more modern and economical Belarusian D-245.9 E3 engine. The last abbreviation means that the motor complies with Eurostandard No. 3 in terms of the number of harmful and toxic emissions into the atmosphere.
Engine specifications
The diesel engine on the “Bull-calf” has 4 cylinders operating in a four-stroke mode. They are arranged in one row longitudinally. The engine has a gas turbine boost and a closed liquid cooling system.
Other technical characteristics of the D-245 engine are listed:
- The displacement of the cylinder group is 4.76 liters.
- The compression ratio is 15.
- Consumption - 158 g / h.p.
- Powertrain power - 136 hp
- The number of revolutions in the nominal mode per minute is 2400.
- Torque - 47 kgm at 1300 rpm.
- Motor weight - 430 kg.
Transmission device
The clutch mechanism consists of a single disc, which operates in dry mode. The torsional vibration damper is located on the disk. The clutch guard is made of steel and the pressure plate is made of gray cast iron. The clutch mechanism disengages due to the hydraulic drive.
Manual transmission device
The car's mechanical gearbox operates in five modes. The choice of driving mode is carried out manually by the driver. Gear shifting on a mechanical device is synchronized.
Cardan and rear axle
Cardan transmission on ZIL 5301 "Bull-calf" consists of two steel tubular shafts. To strengthen the structure, they are supported by an intermediate metal support. Needle-type bearings are pressed into end hinge assemblies.
The ZIL “Goby” high load capacity is provided by the rear axle with a single-stage transmission. The differential is assembled from bevel gears. Also, the unloaded type axles are installed in the car.
Management mechanisms
The steering on the car is equipped with a hydraulic booster, which greatly facilitates the work with a loaded machine.
Due to the high load capacity of the ZIL “Goby”, on the front axle, it has disc brakes for the most effective braking, and drum assemblies at the rear. The drive for stopping the car is hydraulic double-circuit, equipped with pneumatic reinforcement.
In drum-type brakes, a block-type parking brake is installed.
Suspension device
On the ZIL truck, the front suspension consists of two semi-electric springs and two hydraulic shock absorbers. The rear axle is equipped with two main and two auxiliary springs.
Cab equipment
The basic version of the ZIL 5301 car, which is often called the “Goby”, is equipped with a cabin for 3 seats. In addition, it is equipped with the following components:
- Two doors.
- Two passenger seats, they can not be adjusted in height and angle.
- Radiator for heating the cab. It is connected to a liquid cooling motor system.
- Driver's seat equipped with springs. It is adjustable in terms of stiffness, height and tilt of the back.
- Glass cleaner with three brushes and nozzles for spraying with water or non-freezing liquid.
Also produced cars of this version with a cabin for six people. She had 4 doors and 2 rows of seats.
Truck advantages
The main advantage of the performance characteristics of the ZIL 5301 "Goby" is in dimensions and carrying capacity. As practice shows, a car can be loaded up to 5 tons. At the same time, the suspension does not sag from this weight and is not subject to increased wear. The small dimensions of the truck allow the driver to move along narrow streets to objects remote from highways and major roads.
The hoisting ZIL "Bull-calf" is structurally simple and made of not very expensive materials. The owners of these cars made sure that the cost of operating and maintaining such equipment is minimal. Additional benefits are listed below:
- Repair can be done independently with the necessary tools and minimum skills.
- The car has earned quite a lot of popularity among dozens of small and large companies in Russia, because spare parts for it are inexpensive and always available.
- The high capacity of the ZIL "Goby" is provided by a diesel engine, which does not require a lot of fuel during its operation.
- Modifications of the car “Bull-calf" allow you to perform various tasks assigned to enterprises.
- The truck is equipped with a diesel engine, which relates to tractor power units. It works quite noisily, a strong vibration is felt from it in the cabin, however, during operation, it showed that it is able to work in the most difficult conditions. It is easy to maintain and durable. The oil in the power unit must be changed every 10 thousand kilometers. On a working engine, it is not necessary to add lubricant during operation.
disadvantages
But the described car has many disadvantages. From them we single out the most basic:
- Careless build quality.
- Components in the car are not very reliable.
- The levers for adjusting the driver's seat break quickly.
- In winter, the cabin does not heat up to a comfortable level. This is due to the fact that the diesel engine heats up for a long time and cannot provide efficient heating of the passenger compartment.
- The cab of the truck is poorly made. In the joints with the naked eye you can detect gaps. During movement, people often complain of drafts, especially in the cold season.
- Starting a diesel engine on a ZIL in winter is a rather difficult task. It is necessary to preheat the power unit using an electric torch device or a pre-heater for the motor.
- The car’s starter is rated for 24 volts, and the rest of the electrics are powered by 12 volts. To start the engine successfully, the driver has to weekly switch the starter contacts from one battery to another, since only one of the two power sources is regularly charged.
- The rear axle often breaks, resulting in costly repairs.
- A manual gearbox does not allow for an effective set of speed when the vehicle is fully loaded.
We presented a full description of the truck ZIL 5301 "Bull".