Putty is today a universal building material with which you can effectively remove defects, smooth out surface irregularities and even improve the appearance of furniture. However, in the latter case, we are talking about a decorative composition. Having visited the market of relevant goods, you can find in a huge assortment of mixtures used for puttying, each of them has its own purpose.
In general, putty is used to align walls and ceilings. After the base layer has dried, it will be possible to paint or paste over it with any wallpaper. Quite often, putty walls are decorated with ceramic tiles. Depending on the composition, putty can be classified into several types, and this will be discussed below.
It is necessary to distinguish between mixtures and for their intended purpose, they are:
- universal;
- starting;
- the finish line.
Starting putty is applied in a thick layer or in several layers, which allows you to save the walls from impressive defects. Once the starting putty layer has dried, you can begin to apply the finish coat. Universal types of putties are intended for surface finishing with a starting or finishing layer. Putty can also be divided by consistency; they can be prepared or dry. The latter variety is the most common, because such formulations have an acceptable cost and are easy to use. Dry putty can be purchased in a bag, the volume of which varies from 3 to 25 kg.
Description of dry putties
When considering types of putties, you should pay special attention to dry formulations, because they have many advantages, including:
- the possibility of changing the density of the mixture;
- prostate preparation solution;
- convenience of storage and transportation;
- long shelf life of dry putty.
You can change the density of the solution by adding a certain amount of water. Preparation is simple - to add water to the mixture, add the dry composition and mix. To store the dry mixture, it is important to ensure a low level of humidity, but as for the temperature, it can be any.
However, dry types of putties have some disadvantages, they are as follows:
- the need to follow instructions;
- dilution of the mixture should be carried out in small portions;
- the need for additional time to prepare the solution.
It is important to remember that it will be necessary to develop the composition rather quickly, because after a while it will begin to harden. If you are not ready to follow strict recommendations, then you should purchase ready-made putty, which is sold in buckets. It can be used immediately after purchase. Such mixtures are great for beginners, because among the ingredients there are substances that exclude the rapid solidification of the solution. However, you will have to pay a little more for it.
Varieties of putties depending on the composition: latex putty
When considering types of putties, you should pay attention to their composition. The latex solution is usually supplied in the form of a finished mixture, since it is the latex that allows the substances to remain in liquid form, making them more plastic. These putties are easy to use and can be stored for quite some time.
Cement putty
If you are thinking about what types of putty there are, then you should familiarize yourself with the cement composition, among the ingredients of which there is cement, which acts as a binder. Among other things, a solvent and a filler are used in the manufacturing process. The filler can be fine-grained river sand, pebbles, as well as other inclusions. If there are more than 5% of such keys in the sand, then it is not suitable for preparing putty.
Dilution of this composition should be carried out exclusively with pure water, the temperature of which does not exceed 20 ° C. When mixing, use the proportion:
- 4 parts of sand;
- 1 part of cement;
- water.
Cement putty is moisture resistant, so it can be used in the kitchen or in the bathroom.
Among the shortcomings, it is worth highlighting the fact that after drying the mixture shrinks and the solution is not elastic, so it will be difficult to work with it on concrete walls. It is better not to apply cement putty on the concrete surface, because over time the layer may become cracked.
Gypsum putty
Quite often, home masters wonder what types of putty exist. Among others, it is worth highlighting the gypsum variety, which adapts to the microclimate in the room and allows air to circulate. If you want to get a perfectly flat surface, then you should use a gypsum mixture, after drying of which you can apply paint, paste wallpaper or make art painting.
The composition dries quite quickly and does not emit a smell. Gypsum putty is hypoallergenic, it is inexpensive and fire resistant. But you can not use such a mixture everywhere, the coating will not last long if the operating conditions differ in frequent changes in humidity and temperature. Gypsum can be easily scratched or chipped, so it is not recommended to process game rooms or children's rooms with this putty.
Polymer putty
When considering types of putty for walls, you should pay attention to the polymer variety.
Among the ingredients of this mixture contains substances that provide high elasticity, so the cost of the material is quite high. Using polymer putty, you will ensure the durability of the coating and you can get the perfect result. When choosing a composition, pay attention to the manufacturer’s certificates, because when choosing this type of putty there is a risk of acquiring a fake.
Acrylic Putty
This solution can be used for exterior and interior decoration, it is characterized by high weather resistance and is in excellent contact with any surfaces. If you need a finishing composition, you should purchase an acrylic putty, which allows you to achieve perfect smoothness and evenness. Its application is carried out in a thin layer, the thickness of which does not exceed 1 mm. Strong wood can act as a basis. This solution also differs in that it does not crumble over time, has no toxic impurities and odor.
Finishing Putty Classification
Considering the types of finishing putty, you can understand that this material is classified according to the principle that was described above. Depending on the purpose, the finishing putty can be divided into mixtures for external or internal work. Facade putties, which are applied at the final stage, mainly have a cement base, with its help it is possible to achieve resistance to external influences, strength and durability.
For living rooms, gypsum finishing putties are usually used, which have high plasticity and adhesion. After drying, they give the walls a white color and are easy to sand. Recently, polymer types of putties for interior work, which are applied with a top coat, are quite popular. Using them you can create the perfect surface. Such compositions have a disadvantage, expressed in high cost.
Additional classification of decorative putty
When considering types of decorative putty, you should pay attention to additional varieties of mortar. For example, an oil-glue mixture is used to level the following varieties of surfaces:
- wooden;
- concrete;
- plastered.
Subsequently, oil-glue putty can be coated with water-dispersion and oil paints, as well as enamels. Water-dispersion putty is a solution for partial leveling and elimination of flaws in aerated concrete, brick, wooden, plastered and stone walls. The surface before applying this composition can be painted. Sometimes water-dispersion putty is applied to wood-fiber boards.
Conclusion
Before purchasing putty, it is necessary to determine the conditions under which the coating will be used. The type of mixture depends on this. For rooms with low or moderate humidity, gypsum mortar is excellent. This should include living rooms and hallways. In the kitchen and in the bathroom, it is better to finish with acrylic or cement putty, because these compounds are not afraid of the effects of water.