The budget surplus is the excess of budgeted revenues over related expenditures. This state of the budget of any country is the most successful option for its economic development. However, in practice, according to the results of the existence of the state, getting a surplus in the budget is a rather complicated and sometimes simply impossible task. Therefore,
budget execution is often accompanied by its deficit, which contributes to the emergence of
public debt.Surplus - this does not mean that the economy has “healthy” signs. When conducting an analysis, it is necessary to pay special attention to which budget has a surplus (in state, municipal, regional or consolidated). For example, over the past few years, a traceable surplus in the state budget is not a positive fulfillment, since a deficit of the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation can be observed . The main reason for the situation is the negative balance of most regional and local budgets.
Often, some prominent economists see the reasons for the budget surplus not as merit, but as government mistakes. Thus, the artificial transfer of financial resources to the state budget by removing them from local and regional budgets leads to the inefficient existence of local and regional authorities.
However, supporters of the government make comments in the direction of protecting the actions of the leadership of the state. They note that a surplus is the ability of central authorities to draw up a well-balanced budget, which helps to avoid such a negative economic factor as inflation. And the presence of deficits in the regions is associated with a low level of the local budget process .
It is known from practice that the massive centralization of financial sources always leads to a decrease in the possibilities of a financial plan for business entities, which significantly interferes with better equipment of production and the transition to the latest technologies. These factors lead to a decrease in business efficiency. Some states have provisions prohibiting a surplus budget. If he nevertheless appears during budget execution, then in this case the situation that has arisen cannot be assessed unambiguously positively. So, if the budget surplus arises as a result of the economical use of funds with full financing provided for in the budget, this is a positive phenomenon. If sufficiently high incomes are received due to the prevailing
economic situation, due to austerity or due to underfunding of the budget expenditures, then there are negative factors.
However, regardless of the reason for the surplus, it is necessary to timely carry out activities aimed at saving funds in the budget.