The Gazelle-405 automobile, the injector engine of which taught the injection system to efficiently consume and distribute the fuel mixture through the system, is used in freight and passenger transport. The design of the power unit differs from its predecessor by the presence of 16 valves. This motor is ranked as a ZMZ series manufactured by the Zavolzhsky plant.
How does an injection motor work?
The principle of operation of the injection engine is to supply fuel through nozzles regulated by an electronic control unit (ECU). The controller monitors the parameters of the state of the power plant, calculates the need for supply and quantity of fuel, provides the adjustment of fuel intake by means of the pulse duration.
The ECU is able to evaluate the results of calculations and commands, as well as memorize previously performed manipulations, coordinating further action with it. The process of intellectual development of the block occurs continuously and lasts throughout the entire period of operation of the car. Fuel supply in the Gazelle-405 car (engine injector) can be carried out in two ways:
- Synchronous option - with a fixed position of the crankshaft.
- Asynchronous feed - regardless of crankshaft rotation.
The first method is predominant. Asynchronously, fuel is usually supplied when the power unit is started. Nozzles are activated in pairs or alternately.
Characteristics
The injection engine on a Gazelle Business car has the following technical characteristics:
- Type of engine - four-stroke gasoline unit with 4 cylinders.
- Injection system - microprocessor control with ignition and air supply.
- The volume of the cylinders (cubic cm) is 2,464.
- Standard power at a speed of rotation of 4.5 thousand revolutions - 214 Nm.
- The filter is an air dry replaceable element.
- Cooling system - closed type with forced circulation.
- Generator - with built-in unit and voltage controller.
- Sensors for monitoring system overheating and oil pressure.
- Starter - remote, electromagnetic version with gear.
Technically, a 2.46-liter engine with a capacity of 140 horsepower completely allows the car to overtake, perform a cool maneuver at full load.
Powertrain Features
The owner of the Gazelle-405 car is an impressive injector, especially with its fuel consumption indicator. It ranges from 8 liters on the highway to 13 in the combined cycle when driving around the city. Oil is also economically consumed: approximately 100 grams per thousand kilometers. In a single point system, the manifold is equipped with only one nozzle per cylinder. In the distributed block, each of them has its own collector. And with direct injection, fuel is supplied directly to the cylinders like a diesel engine.
Injection cars are more economical, as accurate dosing takes place. In addition, the environmental friendliness of exhaust gases entering the environment complies with the Euro 3 standard, and the power indicator increases by 10%.
This power unit is adapted to domestic climatic conditions. It tolerates heat, severe cold and sharp temperature fluctuations. The power plant clearly and reliably operates in the most severe and difficult climatic zones. It runs without problems in severe frost.
Malfunctions and their elimination
Like any technical product, the Gazelle Business engine is prone to breakdowns. Sometimes it needs repair for various reasons. The most common problems are:
- The motor does not start. Most likely, there is no fuel supply to the nozzles. Use appropriate fuel, rinse and clean the fuel intake.
- The piping between the tank and the electric pump is broken. Check connection points and restore tightness.
- There are problems in the control electronics. It is necessary to replace the defective parts of the assembly.
- A weak set of power indicates problems in the electronic control system. After testing, replace the defective item.
- The clogged fine filter clogs. In this case, a replacement filter element is required.
- The appearance of air in the fuel block. It is necessary to check and ensure the tightness of the system.
- If a malfunction is detected in the fuel pump, replace the faulty injectors.
Repair and adjustment
Incorrectly adjusted gas pumps "Gazelle-405" (injector) provoke an increase in fuel consumption and the appearance of unnatural black smoke. To eliminate the malfunction, it is necessary to adjust the pump and injection angle. A non-working nozzle requires timely replacement. And the gray smoke from the exhaust system indicates excessive oil consumption. This may be due to wear on the piston rings that need to be replaced.
In the event of wear of the guide bushings or crankshaft bearings, it is necessary to replace them with new elements. Too white smoke from the exhaust system indicates an increase in fuel consumption. In this case, nozzle replacement may be required. If the “Gazelle-405” (injector) does not start, it is necessary to check the thermostat (replace if necessary) or to clean the fuel intake, to ensure normal fuel supply to the nozzles.
Maintenance and Prevention
The principle of operation of the injection engine is based on electronic fuel control. Thanks to this, preventive maintenance is required for the motor approximately every 12 thousand kilometers (on the recommendation of the manufacturer). At the same time, the oil and filter are replaced.
If the "Gazelle-405" (engine injector) is operating in intensive mode, it is recommended to service the engine every 8-10 thousand kilometers, since under heavy loads the oil changes its chemical composition faster and loses its properties.
It is recommended that valves be adjusted with appropriate washers every 15 thousand. In addition, it is necessary to check the gas distribution mechanism, since a belt break can lead to valve deformation, which is fraught with expensive repairs or even replacing the cylinder head.