Medical termination of pregnancy has recently become widespread. The method of interruption is chosen by the doctor, taking into account the age, duration and general condition of the woman. Preparations for abortion in the early stages are being improved and their new forms are produced, providing greater reliability with a minimum of side effects.
How do pharmacological preparations work?
After examination by a gynecologist and all necessary procedures, the doctor prescribes a suitable drug that will ensure the termination of pregnancy. The action of such funds is to block the production of a hormone that supports the normal course of pregnancy - progesterone, resulting in a so-called miscarriage.
For a woman, this method of abortion is easier both physically and psychologically, because it looks like regular menstruation, only more abundant and longer.
Early pregnancy termination drugs were developed in France back in the 80s, however, they became widespread much later. Now there is a wide variety of medications that provide the desired effect.
Benefits of Pharmacological Abortion
Compared with surgical abortion, medical abortion has a large number of advantages:
- easy psychological tolerance of the procedure;
- the absence of damage to the cervix or endometrium of the uterus, due to which a woman will no longer have problems with pregnancy, whereas after a surgical abortion, a woman often can no longer get pregnant;
- the high efficiency of the drugs used (more than 95%), this makes it possible to safely and reliably terminate the pregnancy at an early stage.
This method is optimal for nulliparous women, as it eliminates problems with repeated pregnancy and does not cause scarring on the cervix. Drugs for medical abortion are considered safe and effective if they are used as directed by a doctor and under his strict guidance.
When is pharmacological abortion better
The drugs acting in the early stages are more effective when used up to 4 weeks of pregnancy. The deadline for the possible use of pharmacological abortion is 6 weeks. However, in this case, the drug may not provide the desired action and the pregnancy will not end.
This course of events is strongly influenced by the features of the menstrual cycle and other individual indicators of a particular woman. That is why, if you want to have an abortion, using drugs to terminate pregnancy in the early stages, you need to do this as soon as possible so that the effect of the medication is as effective as possible.
Contraindications for medical abortion
With any interventions in the physiological processes of the body, there are contraindications. Conducting a pharmacological abortion is prohibited when:
- uterine fibroids;
- blood diseases;
- the presence of allergic reactions to the components of the drugs;
- gastrointestinal infections;
- ectopic pregnancy;
- the presence of scars on the tissue of the uterus or cervix;
- adrenal insufficiency;
- the presence of any genital infections.
In order to exclude the development of complications, before conducting an abortion, you need to conduct a full examination and choose the right drug. The name of the drug for abortion can only be said by the attending physician, who has all the necessary results of the patient’s tests.
Characteristic of "Postinor"
Women are often interested in the question of which drugs for abortion can be used immediately after unprotected intercourse. One such drug is Postinor. The active substance of the drug is levonorgestrel. It provides a thickening of the endometrium, as a result of which a fertilized egg cannot be implanted into the uterine wall.
The drug is used exclusively for emergency contraception and ensures its effect only for several days after unprotected intercourse. The package contains two tablets, one of which must be drunk immediately after sexual intercourse, and the second after 12 hours.
If vomiting occurs after taking the first pill, you need to drink the second immediately. Use this method of contraception is necessary as rarely as possible. It is forbidden to take emergency contraception in one menstrual cycle, as this can lead to severe bleeding and hormonal problems.
Using the drug does not give a 100% guarantee of abortion and has many side effects. That is why in recent years, "Postinor" is replaced by more effective and safer drugs. Medications for abortion before being prescribed to a woman are tested for a long time.
Characteristic of "Ginepriston"
Used as a postcoital contraceptive. Depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle, it affects the rate of ovulation, slowing it down and thereby preventing fertilization, or changes the thickness of the myometrium, preventing the fertilized egg from gaining a foothold in the uterine wall.
Contraindicated in hepatic, renal and adrenal insufficiency, extragenital pathologies, individual intolerance to mifepristone. After administration, it causes side effects from the central nervous system (dizziness, headache), nausea and vomiting, as well as weakness, pain in the lower abdomen and urticaria.
Characteristic "Zhenale"
Zhenale - French drug for abortion. Used immediately after unprotected intercourse. Provides obstacles to fertilization or implantation of an egg (depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle).
The active substance is mifepristone. These drugs for abortion in the later stages are not effective, but can cause fetal development pathologies. Therefore, it is not recommended to take the drug after 72 hours after intercourse. In this case, it is necessary to undergo examination and conduct medical abortion using other drugs.
Characteristic of "Mifegin"
Mifegin is the most common and safe drug used for pharmacological abortion. The active substance is mifepristone. Reception should be carried out as prescribed by the doctor in his presence. With an overdose, adrenal insufficiency may occur.
Once in the body, it acts on the receptors of the uterus, blocking the production of progesterone. As a result, the fetus dies and is rejected, the cervix opens, muscle contractions of the uterus occur, and the fetal egg is excreted with the menstrual blood from the genitals of the woman. Preparations for abortion at this stage are valid for 6-8 hours.
It is important to note that to increase the effectiveness of the drug, it is necessary to prescribe prostaglandins that cause muscle contractions, with the help of which the embryo will be pushed out of the uterus. If you take painkillers during this period, then the effectiveness of the drug is significantly reduced. And a dead embryo can remain in the uterine cavity, causing serious consequences.
Before taking the tablets, it is necessary to undergo an examination by a gynecologist and make an pelvic ultrasound. This is necessary to confirm pregnancy and determine the place of attachment of the ovum, since termination of an ectopic pregnancy with this medication is prohibited. Early abortion drugs do not affect the developing fetus outside the uterus.
In some cases, the appearance of unforeseen side effects, such as severe bleeding, requiring the intervention of a doctor, continued pregnancy, death of the fetus without removing it from the uterus, and others.
Characteristics of Mifepristone
Mifepristone is a synthetic steroidal antigestagen that causes contractile activity of the myometrium. After taking, severe weakness, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea can be observed. Breastfeeding after taking the drug must be stopped for 3 days.
Drugs for medical termination of pregnancy, which have a duration of up to 9 weeks, are used more often than other analogues. In combination with the drug, the administration of "Misoprostol" is prescribed, which stimulates contractions and miscarriage after blocking the uterus receptors that secrete progesterone.
Mifepristone may be prescribed in other cases:
- to stimulate labor in case of fetal fading;
- for surgical termination of pregnancy up to 12 weeks to cause cervical dilatation;
- at a period of 13-22 weeks is used to normalize the action of prostaglandins.
Preparations for abortion are taken only after a thorough examination in the presence of a doctor.
Pencrofton Feature
Pencrofton is a Russian-made drug. It is an effective tool for abortion, practically without causing any side effects and complications. Pharmacological abortion is easy enough for a woman psychologically, and also does not damage the integrity of the uterine cavity and cervix, so that a woman will not have problems in the future if she wants to become pregnant.
Preparations for abortion are not sold without a prescription; they can be purchased only after a full examination at a special medical institution. Acceptance of the drug is carried out only in the presence of a doctor, after which for some time you need to be monitored by health workers to prevent unforeseen consequences of abortion and, if necessary, get the necessary help on time.
Characteristic of "Mifoliana"
It is a complete analogy of Mifepristone, all indications and contraindications are also practically no different. The name of the drug for abortion, suitable for a particular woman, can only be said by the doctor after the examination.
After taking the pill, the patient must be observed for several hours to identify possible side effects or complications. After 36-48 hours, an ultrasound examination is performed to determine whether a complete miscarriage has occurred and whether the fetal egg or its parts are left in the uterine cavity.
If this is not done, then the remaining embryo, decomposing in the uterus, will provide intoxication of the body and in especially severe cases can cause the death of the patient or the need to remove the uterus.
To get acquainted with the features of medical abortion and to study in more detail drugs for abortion, reviews can be found in the public domain by any of the pharmacological agents.