Tasks and main management functions

If you want to become a professional in something, then you need to carefully study the object of interest. Those who are thinking of opening an enterprise or comprehending the basics of managing it are interested in what the tasks and functions of the management process are. We will now look for the answer to this question.

general information

Management activity has its own specifics. It performs tasks and functions, without which it is impossible to imagine the work of the enterprise. What is the general structure? Functions are implemented exclusively within the framework of a specific set of management tasks. What is their fundamental difference? How is a function distinguished from a task? This is very important to understand in order to avoid confusion.

The fundamental difference between the two is that the functions are repeatable activities, while the tasks are to achieve certain results in the allotted time. That is, the head signs the documents - this is a function. And he signs them in order to increase the efficiency of the enterprise and the amount of revenue twice per year - this is the task.

By the way, let's talk about functions. They can be performed entirely by one unit. At the same time, other department groups are often used to provide additional functions. High-quality adjustment and determination of the work front of each unit allows us to ensure the efficient operation of the enterprise as a whole. Therefore, when creating a commercial structure, this issue must be addressed immediately, because it will be quite a long time and costly to fix it. There is enough input information, we turn to the consideration of specific points.

About features

Their composition and volume depend on a number of conditions:

1. The structure, level and scale of activities.
2. The size of the commercial structure, place in the system of social division of labor, independence and independence.
3. Links with other organizations.
4. The level of technical equipment and affordable management tools.

What should they do? The functions of the management system are necessary for the management and maintenance of business activities. Each of them should have a goal, be repeatable, uniform and feasible for staff. They are objective in nature. This is determined by the very nature of the management process. After all, if we assume subjectivity, then with a high degree of probability it will entail losses.

Also, the functions of enterprise management are the basis for determining and shaping the structure and size of the management apparatus. There is no single approach to their classification. Based on the signs, different groups are formed. The simplest division involves a classification into:

1. General.
2. Special.

What are their features? General management functions were formulated in the early twentieth century by Fayol. Their feature is that they appear the same in any field of activity. Among the common functions, titration is considered the most important. It consists in:

1. Formulating goals for the coming period.
2. Developing an action strategy.
3. Drawing up the necessary plans and programs for the implementation of paragraph 2.

That is, there is a definition of what needs to be achieved. As a tool for developing ways to obtain the planned result, strategic and current planning is used.

About implementation

The organizational embodiment is engaged in practical implementation. How is it implemented? Initially, the organization itself is created, its structures are formed, work is distributed among departments, employees and their activities are coordinated. Speaking about the functions of governing bodies, one cannot ignore motivation.

In this case, the needs of people are determined, the most suitable way of their satisfaction is selected, which will ensure the maximum interest of employees in the process of approaching the goal that the organization faces. Identify in advance imminent dangers, deviations from accepted standards, as well as detect errors will help control. It creates the basis for improving ongoing processes.

Special features were previously mentioned. They manage certain objects, for example:

1. Production.
2. Logistics.
3. By innovation.
4. Personnel.
5. Advertising and marketing of finished products.
6. Finance.
7. Accounting and analysis of business processes.

Someone may say that these are the main functions of management. This is true, but with a slight caveat: their implementation is different. Precisely because it is necessary to adapt to each specific specific subject, they are called special. Let's take a closer look at them.

What are special features?

They will be presented in the form of a title and a brief summary:

1. Production Management. This is the organization of the supply of materials, raw materials, parts, components, information. Determining the volume for production and services. The arrangement of people. Organization of timely comprehensive repair of machinery and equipment. Prompt troubleshooting and production failures. Quality control.
2. Logistics management. This is the conclusion of business contracts, the organization of the procurement, delivery and storage of materials (raw materials), parts, components.
3. Innovation management (innovation). This is the organization of scientific research and applied development, the creation of prototypes, the introduction of new products in production.
4. Management of advertising and marketing of finished products. This implies the study of markets, the development of pricing policies, advertising, the formation of distribution channels, the organization of sending goods to customers.
5. HR management. This means the selection, training and raising the qualification level of personnel, motivation for work, creating a pleasant and comfortable moral and psychological climate, as well as improving working conditions for employees.
6. Financial management. This includes budgeting, the formation and distribution of cash resources, the investment portfolio, assessment of current / future status and measures that are necessary to strengthen them.
7. Accounting and analysis of economic activity. Collection, processing and study of information about the organization. Comparison with the initial and planned indicators, as well as the results of other commercial structures for the timely identification of existing problems and the opening of reserves.

About the main features

This topic has been casually touched upon earlier. But then there was a reservation. What do we get if we remove it? With leadership, a specific goal is pursued. It is achieved by performing specific tasks and functions. And for this it is necessary to influence the team. Here the main management functions are shown in all their glory:

1. Organization.
2. Planning.
3. Rationing.
4. Motivation.
5. Coordination.
6. The control.
7. Regulation.

All this is manifested through organizational structures, processes, culture. At the same time, a whole set of methods, techniques and links of the management system is rationally connected. And then used to establish relationships with various objects.

This is a function of the organization. Without it, it is difficult to imagine the creation of favorable conditions for achieving goals, when specific tasks are solved in the agreed period of time, while production resources are spent on a minimum. But central to all the functions is planning. This is due to the fact that it is necessary for strictly regulated behavior of the object while achieving the goals set for the organization. Planning involves the transfer of specific tasks to specific units for different (but limited) time periods.

Rationing should be considered as the development of scientifically based calculations that establish the quality and quantity of elements that will be used in production and management. This function affects the object with the help of clear and strict standards, disciplines the process of completing tasks, provides a rhythmic and uniform course of activity and its high efficiency.

We are shifting to human factors

Next up is our motivation function. It affects the team, awakening it for effective work. To accomplish this task, public influence is used, as well as incentive measures.

The coordination function is necessary to ensure the coherent and coordinated work of all participants in the process. If the production and auxiliary units do not interact effectively, then the implementation of the tasks will be a long task. Coordination can be carried out both in relation to the team, and to individual employees.

The next is the control function. It affects the team through the identification, synthesis, accounting and analysis of the results of each unit. The collected data is brought to the knowledge of their superiors, managers and management services.

For this function, information on operational, accounting and statistical accounting plays a large role, which allows to identify deviations from planned indicators. After that, an analysis of the causes of deviations and their elimination is carried out. But the latter already refers to the regulatory function. It, by the way, is directly combined with control and coordination. This activity management function will be performed only in those cases when, due to the influence of the internal or external environment, the production process deviates from the planned parameters. If there are no problems, then there is no reason to contact her. These are the functions of the control system.

About Tasks

So far, it has been mainly talked about what management functions exist. But there are also tasks. A few words should be put in about them too. The list of main tasks is quite large, so it will be divided into several subheadings:

1. Determining the main goal of the organization, the formation of a strategy of behavior and actions aimed at achieving it. Creation of the concept of functioning and development of an enterprise with the maximum number of future transformations - for example, into a corporation.
2. Formation of corporate culture. This refers to bringing employees together around a single corporate goal. The most important thing in this case is not to make people unilaterally dependent on leadership. This state of affairs often ends with low initiative and the need to control everything manually, which is quite problematic.
3. It is necessary to think carefully and rationally organize the motivation and discipline of the staff to achieve the stated goals of the organization, which will successfully solve the problems that stand in the way.
4. Form an order in the commercial structure in the relationship. It is necessary to build a system of relatively long-term and stable hierarchical relations, norms, positions, standards. For this, you can even document the structure. For example, using the organization’s charter.

It is also necessary to provide all the nuances of interaction between organizations, departments and people about the implementation of their functions. The established procedure should be embodied in the form of a formal organization, which will ensure the stability and stability of the commercial structure, as well as effectively manage it.

Supervisory tasks

This is the second part of the list:

1. Clearly define how the manual will be diagnosed. It is necessary to find the best and worst management points. This allows you to keep the situation under control. Diagnostics is extremely important, because with its help it is possible to overcome the contradictions that arise between growth, development and scale on the one hand, and means, methods and goals on the other. This will allow you to monitor the situation with any changes. An example of a risk is the so-called phenomenon of “workshop director”. This designation is used to describe situations when the head of the middle arm, moving up the career ladder, continued to act as if he continued to manage not the enterprise, but only its division. This approach contributes to the emergence of problems, points of uncontrollability and a sharp decrease in the overall efficiency of the system.
2. Clearly understand how a management decision should be implemented. Unfortunately, this point is often not perceived as an independent structural component. Because of this, many problems arise that reduce the quality of implementation and the possibility of control over execution.
3. Development of a monitoring system for the implementation of the decision. Permissible incentives are also being worked out for its effective implementation. In addition, certain sanctions should be provided against individuals, departments, social groups or organizations that disrupt their implementation or are not actively and purposefully working to achieve their goals.

How does the state machine work?

The conversation was about commercial structures. But the tasks and functions of public administration are different from it? Yes, and how. After all, the main goal of a commercial enterprise is to obtain the maximum possible profits, while the state is aimed at ensuring the basic needs of citizens. Because of this, the structure of control functions has a number of differences.

In general, they look the same as for commercial enterprises. But in the nuances lies the "devil." So, it should be noted a strong focus on services: education, medicine, human rights and others. The functions of government also focus on providing bureaucratic support. Moreover, if it is more organizational issues at enterprises, then in this case everything is much more serious. Let's look at a few examples.

Take education at school and university. Or getting a passport. What is issued? A specific document confirming something. In the case of school and university, this proves that a person is educated, able to read and write, has a certain qualification. The passport speaks about the citizen of which country he is. By the way, if you are interested in a list of all the tasks that the state takes upon itself, then you can open the Constitution and familiarize yourself with them. But it should be understood that there are general declarations. In practice, they are embodied through the adoption of laws, measures, decrees, resolutions of various levels of government.

Conclusion

The functions and tasks of management are an integral part of the activities of any commercial structure to achieve the stated goals. Of great importance in their implementation is scale. So, the personnel management function can be performed by the director, if the conversation is about a small enterprise. But in cases with large commercial structures, we have to talk about full-fledged personnel departments.

Of course, the founder in the role of director, as a rule, knows all the ins and outs better and will be able to ensure that all necessary requirements are met in the right amount. But sometimes it is impossible to cope with all the challenges yourself. And in this case, you have to transfer part of the responsibilities to other people. Although it is often not possible to get work efficiency from them, as from the founder, a good specialist can still show work at a level.

And if adequate goals are set, tasks and functions are correctly formulated, processes and interaction are set up, this means that there are all conditions for the employee to be fully revealed. It should be remembered that the most important resource in the modern world is people. And valuable specialists must be cherished and cherished, while growing them for the needs of the enterprise. So we looked at what this aspect of leadership is, as well as what tasks and management functions are the working methods used.