Developing a turbocharged diesel engine , manufacturers have achieved the creation of a motor that is not inferior to gasoline in all respects. At first, turbochargers were used to increase the power of internal combustion engines in military aviation at the beginning of the twentieth century. For cars, he went into mass production only in 1978.
However, together with an increase in power, the motor resource is reduced. Therefore, special oil is required for turbocharged diesel engines.
Device and principle of operation
Engine action is based on exhaust energy. From the cylinder they are sent to the impeller of the turbine, rotate the compressor turbine. It turns out that here, unlike gasoline units, air is supplied under increased pressure. As a result, the volume of air in the cylinder increases, and together with the volume of burning fuel, the power increases to twenty-five percent.
To get more air into the cylinders, use an additional device - an intercooler. It cools the air before entering the engine. Thus, the specific fuel consumption decreases, and the power increases, which is achieved almost without increasing the size of the unit and the speed.
It is clear that such motors require a special approach. In Russia, more and more motorists prefer to buy similar installations. But not everyone knows how to properly operate a turbocharged diesel engine. Consider a few tips that will help to maintain the working life of the unit longer.
The oil level must be monitored
All motors are adversely affected by oil starvation. However, turbocharged diesel engine oil is paramount. Among other things, it lubricates the bearings of the turbocharger. If the liquid level is too low, they fail very quickly.
Therefore, the lubrication level in the motor should be checked as often as possible. If a deficiency is observed, then you should immediately make up for it. It is also necessary to find out the reason for the rapid drop in the level and eliminate it.
Lubricant quality
Turbocharged diesel engine oil must be of high quality. Based on the exceptional role that it plays in the life of the motor, you need to understand that poor quality will doom it to slow death. At the same time, do not forget: the composition for gasoline engines is different from diesel engines. In addition, lubricants of different viscosities cannot be mixed (read about this parameter below).
Other tips for operating a turbocharged diesel engine
Here are some other non-oil tips that you should follow.
Fuel quality should be at a high level. If it is not, then the fuel system will clog and power will be reduced. As a result, the turbine will have to operate at maximum speed, which will lead to a reduction in its resource.
Do not rebase when starting the motor. This is especially true for those who do not have a start (stop) system. When you press the pedal, a load is applied to the turbine, it starts to rotate, but without oil, since the latter does not have time to get there. This leads to rapid wear of the nodes.
Riding at medium revs is recommended. Operation at low revs is prohibited for a long time. After all, the turbine is designed for high loads. Therefore, from time to time, it is advisable to let her work at the highest speeds. So the boost system will begin to be cleaned, which will increase its service life.
You can not turn off the engine immediately after stopping, since the turbine impellers will continue to rotate, and the turbocharged diesel engine oil will no longer be supplied to the system.
Extremely undesirable driving at idle. Half an hour of such work is enough to "kill" the motor, since this causes coking of the turbine. It can also start the suction of oil into the cylinders, due to which the details of the cylinder-piston group will become unusable.
Timely maintenance is especially important for a turbocharged diesel engine. Its transit time is shorter than for an atmospheric unit, since high loads require more fresh oil and new filters.
The main characteristics of the oil
When purchasing lubricating fluid, motorists pay attention to a number of indicators.
The most important parameter is the viscosity, that is, the fluidity of the oil. It depends on the temperature. A higher viscosity index means less variation with temperature variation.
Flash point is a measure at which vapors flash during a fire.
The pour point is the lowest value when it does not completely lose fluidity (it is checked when the tube is tilted).
During operation and the presence of certain additives, an oxidation process occurs when alkaline and acidic products are formed. Under laboratory conditions, the total alkaline and acid number is obtained and analyzed. From these indicators come from when calculating the neutralization of oil.
Grease base
Basically, oils are:
- mineral;
- semi-synthetic;
- synthetic.
Recently, more and more motorists prefer synthetics. However, a good mineral lubricating fluid is able to cope with tasks in warm climates. But for working at low temperatures it is better not to ride with him. Oil consists of petroleum products.
Here is what mineral oil-based diesel engine oil is considered good: Castrol GTX (different viscosity grade), Lukoil Avangard Professional LA, Lukoil Avangard Ultra, Suprotek Active Regular, Active Diesel Plus and others.
Semisynthetics is a mixture of mineral and synthetic bases. It can already be used year-round. The following semi-synthetic engine oil for turbocharged engines is recommended: Statoil MultyWay, Lukoil Vanguard, Castrol Magnatec and so on.
The synthetic base is completely artificial in origin. It is the most expensive and is considered the best quality. But it should be understood that synthetics alone do not guarantee the presence of excellent characteristics. In addition to the base, it is necessary to take into account a number of other related parameters.
The following synthetic turbocharged diesel engine oils can be recommended: ZIC XQ5000, Castrol Edge Sport, Lukoil Avangard Professional, Shell Helix Ultra and others.
Additives
In addition to the base, there are special additives called additives. It is believed that they improve the properties of oils. Additives come in a variety of ways:
- antioxidant species stop the oxidation process;
- washing - clean the engine;
- dispersants - prevent the formation of lumps;
- anticorrosive form on the parts a film that prevents corrosion;
- antiwear form a film that protects the surfaces of parts;
- Anti-seize create anti-seize film.
Also there are additives that lower the pour point, improve viscosity and so on. Can all of them be used? Of course not. Turbocharged diesel engine oil, like any other oil, already contains the necessary components. Therefore, is it worth it to spend money on promotions of companies - manufacturers of additives or not, it is up to the car owner.
Classification
There are various classifications of lubricating fluids. They vary in viscosity class, performance, seasonality.
Domestic classification has the relevant GOSTs. But their motorists practically do not know. The most common classifications are foreign: SAE, API, ACEA and CCMS. The latter is obsolete, but it can still be found in separate sources.
Sae
SAE is based on atmospheric temperature oil. In this regard, there are six winter and five summer classes. Winter ones are recognized by the letter W. The higher the class number, the higher the viscosity of the oil. The most common are all-season oils. They have a double designation. The manufacturer always recommends a specific engine oil for turbocharged diesel engines. Volkswagen, for example, drives a great Castrol. The tips are based on the design features of the engines and the agreements that car and oil manufacturing companies have with each other. Each class has its own maximum viscosity.
API classification of diesel units
This classification determines the quality of the base: purity from impurities, the amount of soot. By API, lubricating fluids are divided into the following classes.
S (Service), suitable for four-stroke gasoline units.
C (Commercial) for commercial and industrial diesel engines, as well as agricultural and construction equipment.
The two-letter designation S or C, from A to L, means category (first) and property level (second). Performance is higher the further the second letter is from the beginning of the alphabet.
SG / CD, SJ / CF - this means a universal class for gasoline and diesel engines.
EC - these are additional energy-saving qualities.
Let us dwell in more detail on lubricating fluid for diesel units. The following classes are suitable for them:
- SS is suitable for engines with or without supercharging.
- CD corresponds to turbocharged diesel engines with high power, requiring the necessary anti-seize and anti-burn properties. For example, Toyota Diesel, RV Special, is suitable for this class of turbocharged diesel engine oil.
- CE is required for strong turbocharging and operation at the highest loads. Corresponding to it is engine oil for diesel engines with turbocharging and a particulate filter.
- CF can be used in passenger cars with turbocharged diesels.
- CF2 - two-stroke diesel engines are added to the previous specifications.
- CF4 is an enhanced CE grade.
- CG4 and the new CH4 class correspond to engine oil for turbocharged diesel engines requiring heavy loads.
ACEA classification
This is a European system with more stringent requirements for motor oils than the previous one. It contains 12 classes, which are distributed in 3 categories, where:
- A suitable for atmospheric engines;
- B - for diesel engines;
- C - for diesels falling into Euro-4 standards;
- E - for freight diesel engines.
The numbers in the categories indicate the level of requirements. A higher number means higher requirements. Based on this classification, it is possible to “calculate” a suitable turbocharged diesel engine oil with a particulate filter. These are, for example, class C lubricants.
Conclusion
Based on the foregoing, it follows that it is necessary to be guided by many parameters when choosing engine oil for turbo-charged diesel engines. Hyundai, Honda, BMW or Mercedes: any manufacturer recommends a particular brand of oil. However, this is not the main indicator when choosing oil. The main recommendation that you must adhere to is to purchase the lubricant according to the parameters in the classifications specified by the manufacturer. Then, subject to the operating rules, your turbocharged diesel engine will regularly serve the entire prescribed period.