The state, society, people are always under the explicit or latent influence of external, external forces. People may agree with what politicians, economists or society present to them and succumb to their influence, but they may also reject it. It all depends on how much the new ideas and perspectives proposed by the external environment coincide with their own interests and goals.
What is a zone of influence?
Influence - the process of changing the state, behavior, quality of an object with the help of open or hidden effects on it. The subject of influence (the one who organizes and implements it), as a rule, does this in his own interests, but sometimes in the interests of the object where his actions are directed. That is, they can be selfish or disinterested.
A zone, or sphere of influence, is that area where a person can independently carry out transformations. For example, he cannot interfere in the affairs of someone else's family, but he is quite capable of changing something in his own.
The sphere of influence of a person (like society, the state) has the property of expanding or narrowing. It depends both on the subject’s own abilities and desires, and on how acceptable, useful, beneficial they are for the other side, that is, the object of influence. Aggressive imposition of ideas and decisions, as a rule, does not contribute to the growth of authority of their author and, as a result, narrows his sphere of influence on the object.
Types of influence in psychology and pedagogy
In psychology, the sphere of influence is the inner world of a person: emotions, moral attitudes, and intellectual capabilities. Pedagogy influences his behavior and develops methods for the formation and development of his inner qualities.
Carrying out the functions of influencing a person and society, psychological and pedagogical sciences use its following types:
- Functional role. The content of communication is dictated not by the personal qualities and relationships of the participants, but by their role positions: teacher - pupil, psychologist - client.
- Individual, specific education. The development of the object of the impact of those qualities that it has not yet formed, for example, industriousness, openness.
- Social. Involvement of other persons, groups, public entities in influencing the object of upbringing in order to change his behavior, condition, and ideas.
On the whole, given that these sciences prepare the person of tomorrow - the creator, thinker, transformer, mentor of the next generations - without exaggeration, we can say that their sphere of influence is also the present day of society and its future.
More on the impact
It is direct and indirect, directed and non-directed. These types are widely used in working with people who require psychological and pedagogical assistance and support.
- Direct influence. A specialist, working with a client, offers his own example or experience as a model for action or imitation.
- Indirect influence. The impact on the people surrounding the pupil, his environment. Sometimes you have to work with family members of a child, peers who have a negative impact on his behavior and personality. To do this, if necessary, specialists from other services are involved - law enforcement, social.
- Directional. Influence on a specific person or group of people, on certain personality traits with the aim of their formation or correction.
- Non-directional. The mutual influence of people on each other through imitation, beliefs, suggestion, as a result of which their attitudes and behavior change.
The organization of influence on an object is quite complex, it requires a good knowledge of all the subtleties of its internal state, conditions of existence, types and causes of ill-being, and educational opportunities of the environment.
The influence of the environment on personality development
A person as a member of society cannot but experience his influence. The whole amount of enterprises, organizations, institutions, on the content and quality of activity of which the quality of life of people depends on, is the sphere of social influence. The state, society, church, political parties, various public associations influence a person with the help of certain requirements, norms, control their development and behavior, provide material and other conditions for development and life. They are called institutions of socialization.
The sphere of influence closest to the person and very important in the formation of his personality is the family.
It is she who provides not only physical survival, but also, in cooperation with environmental institutions, moral, spiritual, cultural, social formation.
The purposeful education of a person who meets the requirements of the environment does not exclude the development of his personality. Feeling the influence of spheres of society, following social rules (professional, ethnic, etc.), he seeks personal freedom and independence. It acts according to the rule: "Everything is possible, which does not threaten the life and health of other people." He takes his own position in many public spheres, exerting a significant influence on the content and nature of their activities.
Economics is important
The existence of modern civilization is impossible without an economy. It provides the means and services necessary for the life of mankind.
Economic spheres of influence are:
- Social, social life of man and the state as a whole. The economic recovery in the country's economy stimulates the development of industrial and agricultural production, the growth of labor productivity, and an increase in the consumer ability of the population.
- The political life of society. In many ways, its content and direction depend on which party holds the main types of production. Keeping in mind her goals, she is trying to influence the administrative apparatus and public opinion.
- Cultural, spiritual area. The economy creates material, technical, personnel support for science, culture, and education.
Mutual penetration and influence of spheres of society is inevitable. Economics is an obligatory component of their existence, but at the same time it is itself stimulated by their social, political, spiritual demands and orders.
Features of the influence of the spiritual sphere
In the system of personal motives there are two important components: the need for knowledge and the need to be useful to others. The public spiritual sphere is designed to stimulate and develop these human aspirations.
Its components (each individually and in combination with others) reflect the moral essence of the society in which it exists.
- Education and science make it possible to realize the advantages and disadvantages of a real society and see the prospects for its development.
- Culture and art in all its many manifestations are based on human labor. They provide people with ideal examples of spiritual improvement, behavior, service to society (literature, painting, architecture, music, folklore, etc.).
- Religion - belief in divine providence. It forms moral concepts among believers that do not contradict secular ideas, therefore it is one of the most important parts of the spiritual sphere of society.
- Ideology is a system of worldview ideas, views on reality. Formulates the ideas, goals and interests of his followers.
Public practice shows that the influence of the spiritual sphere on a person can be destructive if it includes, for example, such entities as sects and extremist groups.
Political sphere
All affairs in the country are governed, first of all, by the state in close cooperation with various party and non-party organizations. They constitute the political sphere of society.
The methods of government in society characterize the political regime: totalitarian or democratic. Under the totalitarian regime, strict control is exercised over all spheres of public and private life, dissent and all kinds of attempts at transformations that do not meet the interests of the political elite are prosecuted. The proclaimed rights of citizens are not respected; freedoms are suppressed if it is beneficial to those in power. Intimidation, persecution for political reasons provoke protest moods and intentions among the population.
Democratic political style of government: power is elected by the people on the basis of free will, constitutional rights and freedoms are guaranteed and protected by law, its observance is mandatory for all citizens, regardless of their social status, nationality, religion.
The influence of the political sphere on everyone else is enormous. Goals, forms, methods of government can expand and, conversely, limit the horizons of personal and social growth.
To summarize
The state is interested in the fact that the personal qualities, goals, and behavior of its citizens do not contradict the public interests, but contribute to its development and prosperity. Therefore, the impact on him of all spheres of influence is carried out through the upbringing of voluntary and conscious adoption of social attitudes, norms and rules.
The subjects of influence - individuals (parents, teachers, friends), educational, cultural, religious, political, social organizations - carry out educational measures of a non-violent nature. Education, persuasion, example, involvement in social activities - methods of preventing asocial lifestyle.
The harmonious development of all areas of society guarantees a person protection of his rights and interests, assistance from public institutions, and the satisfaction of various needs.