How to make a list of references in the dissertation? This question is faced by many graduate students, doctoral students, applicants, undergraduates. In 2011, the national standard 7.0.11 was adopted, which defines how to draw up a list of references in a dissertation.
Work with sources
The design of the bibliographic list begins with the selection of literature. Before you write something, you need to determine the sources, carefully study them. It is necessary to decide what materials are needed for inclusion in the work, which can be excluded, a sufficient degree of detail for the materials to be included is determined. Work with literature involves the recording of citations, processing of textual information, and, if necessary, a selection of illustrations.
General design requirements
Writing a scientific paper raises the question of how to properly draw up a list of references. The dissertation must be guided primarily by the regulatory requirements of the relevant GOSTs. Bibliographic descriptions of each source suggest the presence of some required elements. Among them:
- identifying information of the author (authors) of the book, article, thesis, and so on, including information on responsibility for this work (all authors, translators, other persons and organizations related to this work are indicated);
- the name of the monograph, collection of scientific papers, journal, textbook, article, book or other forms of scientific work;
- in case of repeated publication of this source, information on the frequency of publication is indicated;
- the output is indicated. This is the place and year of publication, the name of the publisher, volume, number, issue, year of publication;
- physical volume of the source or specific pages from where the information is taken;
- in the case of a serial publication, the name of the series (subseries), liability information, ISSN are indicated.
In addition to the required, optional elements may be present in the bibliographic record:
- information related to the title, parallel title;
- subsequent information to many types of information, the first of which are mandatory;
- information about the place and date of manufacture, the name of the manufacturer;
- information on sizes, accompanying material;
- parallel name of the series (subseries).
The institution where the dissertation is planned to be defended decides to include these or those elements in the bibliographic list.
Master's theses represent the final qualification work of the master. How to make a list of references in a master's thesis? This type of work also applies to scientific works and is drawn up on the basis of regulatory requirements of GOST 7.1-2003.
A correct bibliographic list can be compiled in alphabetical order (usually according to the first word of the bibliographic record, sequence (as the text refers) or in chronological order (according to the date of publication of the sources). An example of the design of the bibliographic list is shown in the figures below.
Bibliographic Description
It includes several areas (titles and information about responsibility, publications, specific information, imprints, physical characteristics, series, notes, standard number).
Interior areas are detached with a dot and a printing dash.
A colon is inserted inside the individual areas for explanations regarding optional elements. In the case of subsequent information, except for the first (separated by a slash), they are separated by a semicolon.
In the area of the series, the main name of the series (subseries) with the number is in parentheses.
Parallel names (titles), characteristic for the areas of the title, publication, series are indicated by an equal sign.
The standard number areas and notes in the bibliographic record of a dissertation are usually not used.
All punctuation marks, except for a comma and a period (a single space after a character), are separated by a single space before and after a character. For the opening bracket, there is a space in front of it, for the closing bracket - after it.
The abbreviations used are brought in accordance with the requirements of GOST 7.11 and 7.0.12-2011, while in the title and general designation of the material they are unacceptable.
The bibliographic description is in the original language. The main scientific work is a scientific dissertation. The requirements for it according to the list of literature are discussed below.
Writing books in a bibliography
The list of literature, according to GOST R 7.0.11-2011, in relation to books is made out as follows:
- Title area: last name of the first author, comma, initials of this author, title of the book. Double names are separated by the union "or", which is preceded by a comma; here, additional information related to the area in question can be used (monograph, study guide, etc.). After the slash, information about the responsibility is given: a list of all authors separated by commas (if there are more than 3-4 authors, a specific institution has the right to determine how many authors should be indicated and then listed), including the first, while the comma between the last name and the initials is excluded, and they change places) . If information is available, they indicate under whose editors the book was published, translators.
- Source data area: place of publication (all cities except Moscow (Moscow) and St. Petersburg (St. Petersburg) are recorded in full), publishing house (if there are several publishers, they are separated by a colon), year of publication.
- Area of physical characteristics: the number of pages or a specific range of pages from where information is taken.
- In the case of a multi-volume publication, the heading indicates "in [so many] tons." a colon after the name, and instead of pages at the end, which volume was used is indicated.
Bibliographic record of legal acts
These types of regulatory and legal documents in the list of literature, drawn up in alphabetical or chronological order, precede the main list of literature. In general, the design is similar to that for books, the authors are not indicated, the explanatory information is “official text” or information in square brackets on the status of the document, who and when it was adopted, the revision of the document on a certain date. All information in square brackets is indicated by a colon.
Writing Standards in the References
Standards in the alphabetical list are given after the above acts. Their recording begins with the identification of the document (GOST, GOST R, GOST R ISO, GOST ISO, etc.), followed by the registration number of the standard with the year of adoption, the full name of the standard, the area of output data and physical characteristics.
Subsequent bibliographic entries in the case of an alphabetical list are given in the main literature.
Bibliographic record of deposited scientific papers, articles and abstracts
The main difference between the entry of deposited articles from books is that after the pages are indicated by a dot and a typographical dash, information about the deposit is indicated: where, when and number (separated by commas).
The recording of articles and abstracts begins in the same way as books. After listing all the authors, there is a double slash, the name of the journal or collection of scientific papers. Further in the magazine the year, number and pages are separated as separate areas, for the newspaper the number and number are indicated in the same way. When using a collection of scientific works as a source, after the area of the title and information about responsibility, there is an output data area, pages of a specific article that was used as a source of information.
Bibliographic record of dissertations and abstracts of dissertations
Basically correspond to the records of books, the main differences: additional information related to the title, are abbreviated as "dis." or "author's abstract. dis.", an ellipsis is put and the degree of competition is indicated, again a colon, after which the number of scientific specialty is given. After the slash, the first information is indicated in the following order: information identifying the author (full name) in full, then the output.
Record of research reports in the list of references
In contrast to the bibliographic record of dissertations and abstracts, dissertations, the title is explained as a "Report on research", the first information is the author's name and initials.
Record electronic resources in the list of references
The electronic resources used to write a dissertation can be of two types: taken from the Internet and taken from specialized storage media. In both cases, the information [Electronic resource] is given in square brackets after the heading. When using the Internet as a source of information, the design is carried out similar to the recording of books, except that instead of the pages indicate "Access mode: {the URL of the corresponding content}".
When using information from the Internet, it is recommended to use official sites and not use unverified information.
If the source of information is, for example, a CD-ROM, then the output data are indicated, as when using a book, then there is a dot, a typographical dash, it indicates how many electronic optical discs belong to this source of information, the name of the specialized source of information is given in brackets (in this case - CD-ROM).
It is necessary to correctly draw up a list of references in the dissertation. An example of this design is described above and examples are given.
Used literature in the dissertation review
As a rule, a review is written with applicants for academic degrees, and with a master’s review of a dissertation. An example of such a review is shown in the figure above. The review may discuss the theoretical basis of the dissertation, how relevant it is. As a rule, information on the number of sources in the list of literature according to GOST is also given here, it may separately indicate how many sources are given in Russian, how many in a foreign language. The insufficient elaboration of the material and the incorrect design of the work reduces the overall assessment.
Finally
Thus, returning to the original question of how to draw up a list of literature in a dissertation, we can say that it is drawn up for certain types of scientific works in accordance with the requirements of the corresponding GOST. The main information in the formation of the list of literature is the authors, headings, the locality in which the publication was made, the name of the publisher and the number of pages.