Strongly without hesitation, we can answer that the financial system of the Russian Federation is a set of bodies of financial and credit organizations that carry out financial activities in the state, using funds for this purpose. At the same time, lawyers and economists define this concept in different ways. In this article, we will try to understand how the structure of the financial system is structured. We consider the points of view of various researchers on this issue.
Economic view of the financial system
In the economic literature, the financial system of the Russian Federation is regarded as a kind of generalizing concept that characterizes the totality of finances of enterprises of various legal
forms, insurance and the state. At the
same time, economists identify elements within these categories. So, the finances of organizations and institutions are divided into funds of commercial and non-profit organizations. And insurance is personal, property, social, insurance of risks or, for example, liability. But the financial system of the Russian Federation, as mentioned above, is also state finances, in which a special place is given to the state budget,
extrabudgetary funds and
state loans. Thus, economists in their consideration of this concept do not focus on the legislation in this field, but on the established traditions in its definition.
The financial system of the Russian Federation: the opinion of lawyers
As for legal literature, its authors find the structure proposed by fellow economists insufficient, because it does not reflect the features of state development at the stage of transition to market relations. That is why the financial system of the Russian Federation from a legal point of view is considered as a combination of financial institutions and institutions. It consists of the following elements:
- budget system (federal, republican, regional, regional budget);
- other centralized and decentralized trust funds;
- finance of business entities;
- personal and property insurance;
- state and bank credit.
As you can see, lawyers are guided by the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of its budget structure, characterizing the financial system. It should be noted that this approach is much more appropriate, since it gives a clearer understanding of the concept under consideration.
The structure of the financial system of the Russian Federation
Many scientists, however, prefer a simpler classification of the components of the financial system. In their opinion, only the
budget system should be singled out
, which includes budgets of all levels, various state funds and loans, as well as insurance and finance of enterprises. At the same time, they draw attention to the fact that
financial activity is inherent in all branches of government and is, in fact, their special work task. And finally, they note that the structure of Russian finance is still in the process of formation.