Agricultural machinery is an expensive machine, without which high-quality cultivation of fields and the implementation of other land work in large volumes is simply physically impossible. This article will discuss in detail a highly specialized transport called the T-70 tracked tractor.
general information
This powerful machine was manufactured at the Chisinau Tractor Plant, starting in 1974. T-70 - a tractor that was created on the basis of its "brother" MTZ-80 and was not characterized by a wide range of modifications. However, in the process of reconstruction and modernization, the wheel drive was replaced by a tracked one, and many obsolete parts were completely removed. Not everyone knows how this crawler-mounted technique looks like, used for processing vineyards and sugar beet crops. And, by the way, this unit was even part of an expedition sent to the North Pole of our planet in the period 1978-1980.
Design Features
T-70 - a tractor equipped with a four-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine D-241L, working with direct fuel injection and liquid cooling. The main engine starts directly from the driver's seat using an electric starter and a starting engine. In cases where the ambient temperature will be below -5 degrees Celsius, a special P16E prestarting heater is activated.
Layout
The T-70 tractor is made of a semi-frame, which, in turn, consists of a pair of side members connected by a front beam. Also available - clutch, gearbox, rear axle and final drives. The skeleton of the machine is sprung using four round transversely mounted torsions (a pair of front and rear).
The T-70 tractor is equipped with a friction clutch of the main clutch, which has one disk and is constantly closed. Its connection with the input shaft of the gearbox is carried out by pairing with a gear clutch. The clutch of the friction type is controlled by acting on the pedal, the pressing force of which is regulated by the included hydraulic booster.
As for the undercarriage, it is made of caterpillar-type trolleys that support rollers, driving wheels, steering wheels and track chains. Caterpillar carts deserve special attention because they are made of hollow spars in the shape of a rectangle in cross section.
In addition, the T-70 is a tractor, in which the braking system is represented by dry, belt elements mounted on each side of the machine. In this case, the machine can be stopped both when moving forward and when moving backward. The brakes are controlled by pedals. To reduce the working force applied to the levers of the system, hydraulic amplifiers are used.
The design of the tractor also allows you to attach mounted and semi-mounted agricultural machines to carry out various planned works.
Cabin
The T-70 tractor, the photo of which is shown below, is equipped with a closed metal cabin for two people. The driver's seat is equipped with adjustable weight and height of the operator. Also available is a rearview mirror, window cleaner, air cooler, heater, visors that reflect the rays of the sun. In addition, for the convenience of the driver, there is a thermos for water, a first-aid kit, hooks for hanging clothes.
Operational Features
T-70 - a tractor working during harvesting beets with caterpillar chains 200 mm wide. A distinctive feature of these elements is that there are special split bushings in the links, which, if they are worn, can be either rotated 180 degrees or repressed. It is also convenient that, if necessary, you can install track chains 300 mm wide.
Positive and negative qualities of the machine
T-70 is endowed with a whole range of advantages, among which:
- Impressive traction.
- Excellent cross-country ability.
- Safe and trouble-free operation on slopes.
- Profitability of operation.
- Great functionality potential.
In addition, often wheeled tractors put very strong pressure on the underlying surface, thereby causing its degradation. And the T-70 caterpillars do not have such a disadvantage, acting on the earth gently and accurately, which ensures the preservation of all the useful properties of the soil.
An important nuance: the T-70 moves its weight with an effort two times less than what is required for the wheeled model. In this regard, the daily fuel economy will be about 19%.
The disadvantages of the car include the complexity of repair in the event of a breakdown and limited movement on a hard surface, in which the driver will feel any unevenness on the road, and even sitting with springs cannot solve this problem.
Tractor performance
- The length of the machine is 3330 mm.
- Width is 1650 mm.
- Height - 2970 mm.
- The distance from the underlying surface (clearance) is 460 mm.
- Total weight - 4000 kg.
- The specific indicator of soil pressure is 0.7 kgf / cm 2 .
- Traction effort (nominal) - 2000 kgf.
- The number of forward gears is 8.
- For reverse, two gears are used.
- Transmission of a mechanical type.
- Engine power - 78 l. from.
- The number of cylinders - 4 pcs.
- The magnitude of the torque is 12 Nm.
- The maximum forward speed is 11 km / h.
- The maximum speed for moving back is 4.86 km / h.
The T-70 tractor, the characteristics of which are described in the article, optimally combines profitability, ease of operation and reliability.