The danger of piercing and cutting objects has been known for a long time, and today they tell students about it, adults know about it. Given the risks associated with the operation of such products, they set a number of restrictions, in particular for transportation in public transport. You must understand what belongs to the list of such items, what constitutes a product of increased danger and in what conditions its operation is unacceptable.
About knives
It is necessary not only to have an idea of the indicated group of products for an adult, but also to conduct regular classes for children. Stitching and cutting objects are found in everyday life - these are knives and a number of similar products. There are specialized types and formats of knives that do not belong to this class - for example, cleaver or shaving knives. Germany was the first country to pass laws to define thrusting objects. The legislation in force in our country is partly based on the wording and definitions of the German judicial system.
According to the definition, piercing and cutting objects are such weapons, the use of which, upon application of a certain physical effort (at the expense of muscles) allows you to deliver a stabbing strike or provoke a chopping wound. Cutting and stitching are melee weapons. Previously, it was considered combat, was used not only for defense, but also for attack. The scope of use is hand-to-hand combat. The weapon was carried in a special case on a belt on a belt. A fairly common type of cold steel used previously is a bayonet attached to a rifle. Combat knives were used to neutralize and disable the enemy, completely eliminate the enemy. In 1930, a new law was adopted in Germany on the problem of abuse of the use of such products. This normative act does not give an interpretation of the term “piercing-cutting”.
Regulations: Progress in Understanding
According to the law, piercing and cutting objects are products designed to deliver the appropriate type of impact. In 1972, they passed a new law on the storage of weapons. It is for the first time that he mentions the fact that harm is done through the use of muscle strength.
It must be understood that not every knife falls under the standards of the current legislation. The restrictions apply only to products designed specifically for the purpose of causing harm to another, while their purpose should be the intended use of the subject, and the final blow - chopping, stabbing. That is, it is possible to talk about the specific classification of objects considered in the current material if the object is designed specifically to cause physical damage to another person.
Who is who?
Trying to figure out what relates to pricking and cutting objects, it is necessary to remember that knives belong to this category if they are designed for use against a person. This is a variety of tactical combat, sabers and knives for hunters, bayonets and other similar products. But pocket knives, multifunctional kits and products for mowing, gutting fish and slaughtering livestock cannot be called the term in question - this will be a violation of existing laws on the nuances of storing weapons. There are no restrictions with respect to copies of a real sharp-cutting object, if the copy is made for theatrical production and similar use, it is a props and does not have a sharpened blade, a sharp tip. It cannot be classified as piercing and cutting sports equipment that resemble knives and similar objects in their shape and appearance.
Technically described categories cannot be attributed to types of weapons, since the main purpose of such items is not to use them in battle against the enemy. For example, the machete is not included in the list of sharp-cutting objects, since it was created to destroy shrubs. But the knife developed for the battle the whole history of its existence was used to harm another person - such is its intended use.
Risks and Nuances
However, although the above does not allow us to attribute, say, hatchets to weapons, it is nevertheless necessary to observe safety precautions when working with such items. Stitching and cutting products, even if they are not intended to harm another person, can cause damage to health and even death. The current laws stipulate: the operation of which products is associated with increased risks.
The purchase of pricking and cutting products is practically unlimited by current legislation. No special permission is provided, as is true, for example, for a situation of desire to acquire a firearm. Minors may not buy sharp-cutting military items, and there are no restrictions for other citizens of our country. It is also impossible to transfer such weapons to minors. Having reached the age of eighteen, a person gains the full right to bear arms, which can be used for cutting and stabbing wounds.
Psychology and Security
Since sharp, piercing, cutting objects are very common in our lives, scientists have repeatedly been attracted by the peculiarities of human perception of such products, which are associated with increased danger. Particularly interesting are the works of German scientists dedicated to this area. As the researchers determined, in many ways a person is controlled by the instinct of fear embedded in the genetics level. We don’t even realize it, while it adjusts our behavior, reactions to events and objects. This fear is due to genetics, transmitted from animal ancestors. Due to such an unconscious fear, when there is a danger, muscle tissue is tensed, a person is mobilized. The opposite is also possible - a person loses his will and cannot move, becomes numb and becomes completely defenseless.
Sharp, sharp and sharp objects are always a source of fear. Already at their sight, muscle tissue contracts. On the other hand, the peculiarity of these products is that it is the hard tissues that they strike especially effectively, while it is possible to pierce the soft only with great difficulty. As professionals assure, the basic rule, the basis of the art of handling such products is the ability to relax in time, consciously controlling this process. For this, self-order options are used that allow you to set subconscious confidence in the optimal development of the situation.
Features and Forms
In order to comply with the rules for working with stabbing and cutting objects, you need to understand what belongs to this category. As can be seen from judicial practice, in our time very often there are injuries caused by this type of product, and approximately 15% of deaths due to violent causes are in the type of items under consideration. There is a collective concept of “sharp”, which includes all products equipped with a blade and a pointed end. The division into categories and groups is based on a number of individual characteristics. So, piercing is called those objects that have a sharp end, the cutter has a blade, and the piercing-cutting both. There are also chopping items with a blade (they weigh a lot), sawing, equipped with an edge with cloves, a variety of combined. Turning to the current legislation, you can find examples of lists. So, to the stitches belong:
- nails
- pitchfork;
- peak;
- knitting needles.
Cutting is:
- braid;
- metal edge;
- knife;
- razor.
Stitching and cutting - these are blades, knives of various types and formats.
Weapons and harm from him
If you do not follow the rules for working with stabbing and cutting objects, with the deliberate use of such products in order to harm another person, various injuries occur. Their nature depends on the product used. Perhaps cutting, piercing, damage can be combined. It is not difficult for a forensic scientist to distinguish which injuries were inflicted with blunt and which with sharp objects. Assessing the condition of the wound, you can understand how the blade was, how sharp the product was. Each type of sharp guns has its own unique features. Assessing the morphology of the affected tissues, it is possible to identify the structure of the subject, as a result - the species affiliation. A sharp object causes a person to get scratches, wounds. Soft tissue is more likely to suffer, less commonly, the skeletal system, cartilage. A sharp object may become dull, which leads to a change in its characteristics and properties.
Mostly piercing and cutting objects are equipped with handles. If the blade is completely immersed in the body, the handle can hit tissue near the hole. What will cause bruising, abrasion. Assessing the shape of the hematoma, you can understand what the handle is across. The wound channel has smooth walls, the edges can be reduced and they can easily match. The channel may end blindly in the internal organ, so the forensic scientist or doctor will determine how long the blade used. As a rule, the study is carried out using x-ray radiation and contrast agents. If a sharp product penetrates deep into the human body, damage to the skeletal system and cartilage is possible. Then a microscopic relief remains in these areas, which can tell experts something about the blade surface.
Stab wounds
When considering piercing and cutting objects, you should pay attention to the damage that can be caused by them. Stitching - these are weapons that are characterized by a rather small cross section, a sharp end. Length prevails. The sharper the working part, the smaller the cross-sectional area, the less effort will have to be applied to damage the human body. Stitching products differ in shape - a huge number of products with such qualities have been developed. This makes classification difficult. First of all, they evaluate the cross-sectional shape of the diameter. For some it is a circle, for others it is an oval, triangle or figure with four and more angles. Most often, a piercing object is a cylindrical rod whose end has the shape of a cone. This is what a needle or an awl looks like. Often the item is equipped with a handle. Known products in which there are several rods at once - this is an ordinary fork or forks common in the household. Damage caused by contact with them is quite peculiar, therefore, in most cases, identification is not difficult. In some cases, only the distance between the wounds is sufficient to accurately identify the model of the product that has been damaged.
Continuing the examination of piercing and cutting objects, it is necessary to clarify the fact that the trace is usually formed by the working part. Its main features are shape, length, size across.
The damage is caused due to the fact that the sharp end cuts or tears the skin by pressure. If, due to the application of force, the blade continues to sink into the body, this violates the integrity of the internal tissues. If the entire working part has gone inside, the handle leaves a mark on the skin. The surface of the human body is elastic, so the size of the wound is usually smaller than the cross section of the subject. In any case, stabbing is often a small wound, while its channel is quite long.
Technical features
The criminologists, studying piercing and cutting objects, found that if a piercing object is used, the physical parameters of the wound will depend on what the cross section of the blade is across. Abrasions can be seen abrasions, small gaps. If the blade is round, such gaps correspond to elastic skin fibers, and if there are ribs, then they do not depend on the direction of the epidermal fibers and repeat the blade forms. If the skull is damaged by a weapon, a hole fracture is formed.
Damage may result from contact with a small cross-sectional object. Then visually on the skin you can see as if a small hematoma, and with a hasty inspection, you can, in general, miss the damage. One of the risks associated with such injuries is an increased danger of violating the integrity of large vessels and internal organs that lie deep enough in the human body. This can cause severe internal bleeding, associated with the danger of death.
Cut wound
Cutting type items have a pointed blade. In the case of physical effort, under the influence of pressure, the blade penetrates into the skin and under it, separates the tissue. The result is a cut wound. It is not difficult to identify it, since the edges are uneven, there are scratches around, a sharp end is observed, and the length is usually greater than the depth. The second indicator depends on how sharp the blade is, how much they were pressed. In addition, the role played by how close to the skin integument bone elements that are insurmountable for the blade. A cutting wound is a gaping injury, because the skin is elastic and the muscles tend to contract. The gaping becomes greater if the injection between the weapon at the time of application of the wound and the direction of the skin fibers is close to 90 degrees.
The cut wounds visually usually look like a spindle or half moon. If you try to reduce the edges, the damage becomes linear. If the knife, moving, caused wrinkling of the skin into folds, which were then cut, the reduction will give a zigzag result. Upon receipt of such an injury, a person develops severe bleeding, while the features will depend on which vessels are affected. Perhaps a violation of the integrity of the main arteries, which is highly likely to provoke a fatal outcome. To minimize the probability of accidental damage to an object that could cause injury, it is necessary to use containers for piercing and cutting objects during transportation and storage - closed products made of sufficiently strong material.
Chipped
If you do not use containers for pricking and cutting objects, you can accidentally get a stab wound. Failure to comply with the rules of transportation and storage is fraught with the risk of causing such damage to another person, and it is completely non-special. A stab-cut wound is inflicted by objects whose end is pointed and has a blade. They have a complex effect, at the same time the thing pierces the skin and cuts the tissue, plunging deep into. Damage will have signs of both piercing type of products and cutting. Visually, you can see the inlet, the wound channel, in some cases, the outlet, if the wound is through.
It is possible to distinguish a complex wound from a simple chopped, cut one if you carefully study its features. Typically, the shape resembles a spindle or slot, but there may be angular lines or an arc. If the tool was turned during extraction, additional damage is formed. Among other wounds of this type, localized in the left half of the chest are more often fatal.