The concept of "parametric architecture" is known to almost everyone who is engaged in architectural or design activities. But for ordinary people, such a term is little known and leads to many incorrect judgments and meanings. Parametric applies not only to the construction of structures, but also began to be introduced into the interior design of the premises.
Interior design is a laborious and voluminous process, sometimes taking as much time as the construction and repair itself. Now more and more unusual solutions appear in the interior and decor of both residential and public buildings, which attract with their incredible views. Such unusual elements appeared due to the development of parametric graphics and modeling, and as a result, a new trend in architecture - parametrics.
The origin and founders of this style
Initially, a separate direction arose - parametrism, and after some time an independent parametric architecture was formed on its basis. Zaha Hadid - a British architect who has Arabic roots, is considered one of the founders of this trend in modern architecture. She back in the early 1980s in her studio created projects in a new unusual style, so amazing at that time. The partner of the legendary Zaha Hadid was Patrick Schumacher. It was these two architects who introduced a new fresh and unusual stream into the stagnant architectural world.
At this time, parametrism has begun to cover more and more extensive spheres of architecture, construction and interior design.
Reasons for the development of this style
Throughout the history of the development of architecture, people have sought to build buildings that would keep up to date and meet their needs (aesthetic and practical).
In modern architecture, a person seeks to create such projects that would combine many different functions, provide for the cost-effective costs of their implementation and would be practical in the future. Aesthetics and beauty fade into the background, but exclusivity or at least unusualness still prevail.
Architects of modernity have a desire to create something new, unique, something that is based on the latest developments and principles of architectural structures.
And, as a result, the architect begins to master new tools for further work - this is animation, parametric modeling, mutation and other achievements of modern computer graphics. And only now, with the advent and development of advanced parametric design systems, parametric architecture took shape as a separate style and began to gain more and more popularity and relevance.
Parametric architecture. What it is?
A unique contemporary style that combines knowledge in sculpture, architecture and mainly in mathematics. This type of architecture has a very strong relationship with mathematics, it must take into account the relationship between the human factor being built by the building and the environment. This is a style aimed at the construction of such structures that will go beyond simple structural solutions and forms.
The creation of projects in parametric architecture takes a long time to work in modern computer programs such as Grasshopper, which help not only to model objects, but also to develop logical conditions and mathematical algorithms.
This allows you to find the best solution for the project in automatic mode and provides more opportunities for creating complex structures and forms.
Parametric in interior design
At this time, this style is just beginning its development, which is booming. Most of the work of designers in this area is aimed at shopping centers, restaurants, galleries, museums and other commercial buildings.
Parametric architecture in the interior of private housing is developing much more slowly, the reason for this is the need for large dimensions, since parametrism needs a certain scope and a large area for a sense of maximum comfort for people in the room.
This new style in the interior allows you to make it more calm, smooth and less brutal than, for example, country styles or Provence.
It is possible to make parametric the ceiling, walls, partitions, furniture and decor elements.
Often, natural materials are used in the parametrics for the interior. It is mainly wood and stone, which create a feeling of comfort and solitude, help to hide from the bustle of the big city.
Of the flowers, calm and classic tones of white, black, ivory, gray and brown prevail, as well as many shades of wood.
This style is characterized by flowing lines flowing and flowing like fabric.
All decor elements and furniture in the parametrics have a fantastic, cosmic look, in which clear edges and right angles are erased.
Parametric design stands out from all other styles by the ability to create such architectural volumes and elements that previously seemed something unrealistic and impossible. The main reasons for this were the complexity and high cost of implementing such facilities. The interior in this style looks like a postcard from the future.
The parametrism in the rooms is unique, it is practical and multifunctional.
Materials for parametric interior design
Since the idea of parametrism is to protect the room and the people inside it as much as possible from the harmful effects of non-natural materials, the main materials for furniture and decor are natural wood and stone. They are easy to handle and environmentally friendly to operate, and the prices of such things are relatively low. In addition, the color palette and the natural pattern of wood and stone are so diverse that they do not require additional treatments.
Multifunctionality of parametrism
A distinctive feature of this trend in design is the multifunctionality of its individual elements. This is achieved due to the soft transition of the lines in the trigonometric space and their intersection.
For example, a wall can simultaneously serve as a bench or chair. A table made in this style can simultaneously serve as a small whatnot with the help of several niches that formed as a result of interweaving of lines.
So they even finish the interior walls of the room, creating the illusion of expanding space, due to the lack of straight lines and volume of surfaces.
The main distinguishing features of parametrism in the interior
This new style of interior design is difficult to confuse with any other. The reason is completely different, not previously encountered shapes and lines.
To summarize the main characteristics of parametric design in the interior:
- smooth and flowing lines, like fabric;
- originality and uniqueness of decor elements and furniture;
- curved lines of geometry;
- Avoiding the correct geometric primitives (such as a square, triangle, rhombus, and so on);
- avoidance of simple duplication of elements;
- maximum environmental friendliness;
- scale;
- practicality and multifunctionality;
- simplicity in cleaning such decorative elements.
Russian parametrists
This style was created in Western Europe, or rather, in the UK, at the end of the twentieth century. Thanks to the work of our architects and designers at the beginning of the twenty-first century, parametric architecture came to us in Russia. Architects who develop this trend in Russia are Peter Vasiliev, Eduard Khaiman, Maxim Malein, Sergey Michurin, Alexandra Boldyreva.
Sources of information for parametric design
The parametric architecture of entire cities, individual buildings, parametric interior and interior design are becoming more accessible not only for all professional architects and designers, but also for brave property owners. Indeed, soon anyone can create a piece of furniture or even a house of their dreams with the help of parametric modeling.
The amount of educational literature in this area is growing and becoming more accessible to ordinary people who are interested in and attractive parametric architecture. 3D max, Quest3D Professional and a number of others are simulation programs that help architects create parametric masterpieces, are simplified for users to increase accessibility and understanding.
Using a series of programs for parametric modeling, you can create simple (such as small interior items such as a chair or lamp) and complex (a whole cottage or even a city block) objects.
Books on parametric architecture make it possible to thoroughly study the very concepts of “parametrism”, “parametric architecture”, their role in modern architecture and the available forecasts for the future in this direction.
The main work of the founder of this trend in architecture, Patrick Schumacher, “Parametrism - A New Global Style for Architecture and Urban Design”, published in 2009, describes in detail all aspects of this direction and its role in building the future.
From Russian-language literature we can distinguish a textbook for universities in five volumes of N.F. Gulyanitsky called "Architecture of civil and industrial buildings."