According to the legal dictionary, charters are documents or a series of documents of a legal nature that express the requirements of rights for social strata. The first copies of such papers appeared in the Middle Ages.
How did the Magna Carta come about?
Hundreds of years before the American colonists began the struggle against the British crown, the English nobility drafted a series of laws in order to limit the power of the tyrannical monk - King John Landless. Magna Karta, or Magna Carta, signed in 1215, initially secured the rights of elite representatives. Later, on its basis, many laws were created in various parts of the world that guarantee fundamental constitutional rights. The Magna Carta, historically proven, put an end to the tyranny of the government, which, from the day it was signed, imposed certain obligations before the law.
King John had a difficult relationship with Pope Innocent III, who was a controversial figure and wished to have the highest authority among European monarchs. After Stefan Langton was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury in 1207, King John Bezemmelny became the first monarch to be excommunicated. In response to this, the ruler began to establish taxes for clergy and select church lands. The monarch was even less popular with the barons, whom he subjected to more serious taxation in order to compensate for his military defeats. In 1214, King John tried to conquer France, and after an unsuccessful attempt, obliged the English nobility to pay the cost of the war, which caused a riot in 1215.
Baron articles
To put an end to the king’s atrocities, Langton and a group of rebel barons jointly created the Baron articles, which later became the Magna Carta. Fearing that the uprising would develop into a civil war, John was forced to agree, which he did on June 15, 1215, making Magna Carte the first written European constitution. However, a few weeks later, Pope Innocent III, who had already established relations with John by this time, annulled the Great Charter. This renewed the feud between the monarchy and the barons, but after the death of the king, the legality of the first constitution resumed.
It was the Magna Carta several years later that inspired the American colonists to declare independence from Britain, and about a third of the Bill of Rights laws were taken from the charter. Only 4 original copies of the Magna Carta remain, which are in the Salisbury Cathedral, Lincoln Cathedral and the British Museum.
European Charter
This is a series of international treaties that were adopted by the Council of Europe with the aim of providing people with social rights and freedoms, it is also a logical continuation and addition of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights.
The European Charter was signed in 1961, although it entered into force only four years later, in 1965. Several decades later, a number of additions and changes were made to the content of the document.
The laws established in the European Charter, this is from a legal point of view, must be implemented in the social policy of all signatory states. These countries must guarantee their citizens and people under jurisdiction appropriate rights and freedoms.
However, states that have signed the European Charter are not required to monitor the implementation of all provisions of the documents. They can selectively determine the rights and freedoms of their residents in accordance with their legislation. It is enough for these countries to agree with 6 out of 9 articles created, they also have the right to refuse to fulfill those points, the implementation of which is not possible for them.
Olympic Charter
This is the main document that governs the activities of the Olympic Committee. In the XIX century, interstate relations in the field of sports began to develop actively. Separate committees were created responsible for different types of competitions. Gradually, it was decided to convene a committee that could regulate international relations in the field of sports, and he, in turn, decided to create an Olympic charter. This was a turning point for the whole world.
This document regulates everything related to the most diverse areas of sports cooperation between countries. Here are the rules of the Olympic Games, including organizational aspects, participation, structure, procedure and creation of programs. The document also contains rules governing the activities of arbitration and much more.
Total
History knows many legal acts that in one way or another influenced the situation of people. The Charter, as described above, were the most important of these documents, and it is thanks to them, especially the Magna map, that today all people are free.