The diesel engine power system provides a constant supply of diesel fuel to the pump, as well as a metered and timely injection of fuel into the cylinders. It must be completely sealed so as not to allow third-party air intake into the fuel system of the engine.
The device of the diesel engine power supply system is relatively simple and includes such basic elements:
- a fuel tank that serves to store fuel;
- air purification filter, to eliminate possible particles that are in the air;
- fuel priming pump, for manual pumping of fuel;
- high pressure pump, serves to supply fuel to the nozzles;
- nozzles designed for direct fuel injection into cylinders;
- high pressure fuel lines, as well as low pressure fuel lines. Supply diesel fuel from the tank to the cylinders;
- exhaust gas pipe and silencers, which serve to exhaust the exhaust gases and reduce their noise.
Repair of a diesel engine's power supply system consists in eliminating fuel supply irregularities that can occur both in the event of a leak in the system and in clogged filters or pipelines. If there is a leak in the system, you can visually see the fuel leak. In those areas that are under rarefaction, it is possible to determine the air leakage by not completely unscrewing the plug that is on the fuel fine filter and seeing a muddy stream with air bubbles. If the diesel engine power system has the indicated malfunctions, then to eliminate them it is necessary to restore the tightness and pump the low pressure fuel lines to remove air that has got there.
When replacing or flushing the fuel filters, a pump is used for manual pumping, which removes air from the system. To do this, it is necessary to loosen the plugs in turn, first near the rear, and then the front ends of the fuel line, which is located on top of the high pressure pump. After removing the air, the plugs are tightly screwed.
If the pump does not deliver fuel well, the cause may be a malfunction of the valves or a stuck piston. Also often the cause of a breakdown in the fuel pump is a breakdown or loosening of the springs. The specified parts are replaced with new ones, only in this way can these faults be eliminated.
If the diesel engine power supply system is faulty, interruptions may occur during operation of some cylinders, there may also be increased smoke and a significant loss of engine power. Often, an indicator of breakdowns in a specified system is a difficult and prolonged engine start. This is due to the fact that the pump cannot create the necessary fuel pressure, therefore, its supply is reduced, it is also possible to change the moments of fuel supply. The most common pump malfunction is a lot of plunger pair wear . The use of contaminated fuels and fuels that are out of season can cause this. The use of high-quality fuel and the replacement of fuel filters will significantly increase its service life. The plunger only changes complete with a sleeve; replacing one of the components will not lead to an improvement in the pump.
If the nozzle loosens the spring, the needle wears out or becomes clogged, the fuel supply to the cylinders is disrupted. The needle is being cleaned; if this does not help, it must be replaced.
The power system of a diesel engine, although it is relatively simple and reliable, but, like all equipment, requires careful and appropriate care, then it will serve for a long time and not create additional problems. Carry out scheduled maintenance of the fuel system and you can avoid many of its malfunctions.