The political regime is a method of exercising political power in society.
Political regime: types and essence
Any political regime is a particular combination of opposing principles for organizing relationships between people: democracy and authoritarianism.
State political regime: concept, types
The political regime is usually divided into several types: authoritarian, totalitarian and democratic. Let's take a closer look at each of them: what are they based on, and what are the principles of their existence.
Political regime, types: totalitarianism
With this type of regime, power is completely monopolized. As a result, it falls into the hands of only one party, while the party itself is under the control of only one leader. Under totalitarianism, the state apparatus and the ruling party are united together. In parallel with this, the whole of society is nationalized, that is, the eradication of public life independent of power, the extermination of civil opinion. The role of law and law is downplayed.
Political regime, types: authoritarian
This type of regime, as a rule, arises where demolition of already obsolete socio-economic institutions is carried out, as well as polarization of forces during the country's transition from traditional to new industrial structures. The authoritarian regime mainly relies on the army, which, if necessary, intervenes in political activity in order to end the protracted political crisis, which is simply impossible to overcome by legal, democratic means. As a result of such interference, all power passes into the hands of a particular authority or political leader.
Types of state political regime: authoritarianism and totalitarianism
If authoritarianism resembles totalitarianism in the first case, some polarization and delimitation of interests and forces are allowed. Some elements of democracy are not ruled out here : the parliamentary struggle, elections and, to some extent, legal opposition and dissent. But at the same time, the rights of public political organizations and citizens are somewhat limited, serious legal opposition is prohibited, the political behavior of organizations and individual citizens is strictly regulated by the regulations. Destructive, centrifugal forces are held back, which creates certain conditions for democratic reforms and harmonization of interests.
Political Regime, Species: Democracy
First of all, democracy is understood as the participation of the masses in government, as well as the presence of all citizens of the country with democratic freedoms and rights officially recognized and enshrined in law and constitution. Democracy in the history of its existence as a socio-political phenomenon has developed certain values and principles, which include:
- publicity in the activities of the authorities;
- equal right of citizens of the state to manage society;
- division of powers into judicial, legislative and executive;
- constitutional design of the state system;
- a complex of civil, political, social and economic freedoms and human rights.
These values, of course, describe an ideal system that does not exist anywhere else. Perhaps it is, in principle, unattainable. However, institutions for maintaining the values of democracy exist for all their shortcomings.