Recipients are, in a word, interlocutors. If we imagine the process of communication on a global scale, then a country can take on the role of an opponent or its region. Moreover , we are not talking about the process of communication, but about interaction, which has its own psychological laws.
Recipient in Psychology
This is a person who receives a message in the form of sound, visual images, smells. In contrast, the communicator is called the communicator - this is the one who communicates the information.
The complexity of the communication process
Any contact is made with a specific purpose, which does not always coincide with both interlocutors. If it is achieved, then the communication was successful. However, various psychological aspects play a huge role in the transmission process:
- establishing contact (self-presentation by the communicator of himself, the first impression of the recipient's interlocutor);
- communication barriers to communication;
- the use of active listening techniques that contribute to the understanding of the transmitted message, methods of argumentation;
- gender, age, professional, national and other characteristics of the interlocutors, affecting both the process itself and the result of the interaction.
Interlocutors are constantly changing roles. Moreover, the recipients are people with an active position. After all, they must not only perceive information, concentrate on it, but also decipher it (the communicator transmits the message in encoded form using words and other available means of speech, as well as non-verbal signals, consciously or not, i.e. using gestures, facial expressions , poses).
Science achievements
All the named difficulties and features of the process of communication between two people
many decades have been studied in detail in sociology and social psychology. The result of this can be called a huge amount of useful theoretical material, special training programs to improve certain communication skills (for example, conducting telephone conversations, sales techniques), many receptions in psychotherapy for use in the practice of counseling psychologists.
Nevertheless, “recipients” is a concept that, like any other object of study, still raises many questions.
Group as a recipient
In psychology, interpersonal communication and group are distinguished. Each of these species has its own characteristics. For the first they are already listed. Let us dwell on the second in more detail.
The size of the groups may vary. The recipient may be:
- production or work team;
- professionals in their fields (e.g. businessmen, doctors, psychologists, athletes, builders, drivers);
- study group (in high school, secondary educational and primary institution);
- residents of one region or the whole country.
Recipients are also social groups (political, broken down by conviction, by nation, by gender, age or other attribute).
The main and most interesting psychological phenomenon identified during the study of group communication is comfort (a change in one's opinion under the influence of someone else's), as well as many
socio-psychological characteristics of human behavior in the group. Over time, this knowledge resulted in the development of methods and techniques for managing a team, for example, labor or potential voters (for example, using motivation).
New in science
As you know, science has always focused on the study of facts that can be observed in everyday life, for the sake of a more rational approach to them. Thus, we have learned a lot about the communication features of individual social groups.
Studying the interaction of prominent representatives of a particular community has brought a new concept. Early recipients are leaders, innovators, those who created a new method of work, came up with a technological technique. And also these are production and labor collectives that brought the idea to life. Subsequently, the authors of scientific and technological developments, ideas and inventions began to be allocated into a separate category - “innovators”. Inevitably in this chain were "imitators" and "lagging behind." The first are the teams that introduced the technology after the early recipients. The second - organizations that produce obsolete goods, in the production of which the already recognized innovations are not applied by all.
Representations of leaders, innovators and imitators are very important, as well as awareness of the real situation on the market in a particular segment. The profit level, reputation and the prospect of further development of the company depend on this. Informed managers never spare money to increase the innovative potential of their company: recruiting new employees - innovators in spirit, investing in new projects (research, development, design), trial implementation in production, marketing moves when selling new products or services.
The country as a whole organism
Also, through the prism of market relations, countries are considered as recipients. Here we are not talking about the process of exchanging information, but about the impact of one opponent on another. In this case, the recipient country is the state that receives immigrants on its territory. In these circumstances, both the political and economic consequences and the psychological background are important: the attitude of the country's inhabitants towards refugees and the adaptation of immigrants themselves to a different way of life. The state as a whole organism can reject the "organ of the donor", attack every component of it. Especially if the "cells" behave inappropriately to the situation (they are not able to take root). Unfortunately, in the recipient countries, although they accept natives of other states and regions, they are not always engaged in their adaptation to new living conditions. If this is done, then only superficially. But many unpleasant consequences could be avoided, for example, the aggressive behavior of “Nazi professionals”.
The state as a recipient is also spoken of when it receives income, payments from other countries or investments.
Thus, a completely different meaning can be hidden under the term. If in medicine this is the organism for the organ of the donor, then in the field of mobile communications the recipient operator is the one to whom subscribers of other companies come (the phone number is preserved). In psychology, it can be either an individual person with his own perceptual characteristics, ideas about the world, his own filters for incoming information, or entire communities, countries.