The main disadvantage of wooden floors is their exposure to moisture. Its influence can cause rotting and destruction of the floor covering. Therefore, waterproofing a wooden floor is an important stage in the arrangement of this part of the room for any purpose.
Varieties of waterproofing
Today you can choose one of the existing technologies for waterproofing. The technique will depend on the purpose of the room, the construction of the base, as well as the type of floor finish. According to the type of material used and the technology of the work, waterproofing can be:
- cast;
- plastering;
- painting;
- filling;
- okleechnoy.
In order to choose by what method the waterproofing of the wooden floor will be made, you should familiarize yourself with the nuances of the work of each method.
Features of waterproofing paint
The cheapest and easiest way to protect wood floors is painting waterproofing. It provides for the application of polymer or bitumen varnishes. The disadvantage of this method is the fragility of the created coating. During operation, it will lose elasticity, which is especially true for those conditions under which a temperature difference is observed. Subsequently, such a coating will become brittle, and chips and cracks will form on the surface. 6 years after work, the waterproofing layer will require the need for restoration. If you will waterproof the wooden floor using painting technology, then the floor should be sanded first, remove grease stains from its surface and dry. After the surface is coated with a primer made of bitumen mastic. It must dry, and its coloring is carried out using a roller or brush. In some cases, the procedure is repeated several times.
The nuances of cast waterproofing
Waterproofing of a wooden floor can be carried out by cast technology. It is considered the most reliable of all existing today. However, you should rely on the high cost of the technique. Consumables for the work will be molten bitumen, asphalt concrete or pitch. The material will have a certain viscosity depending on temperature and composition. Liquid bitumen should be warmed up to 10 °, as for the low-viscosity composition, its temperature should be in the range from 50 to 80 °. Viscous composition is heated to 120 °.
Before starting work, the base is prepared, it must be cleaned, cracked and dried. Next is primed with hot bitumen. A formwork should be constructed around the perimeter. The waterproofing layer is heated to the desired temperature, and then the entire surface is filled. The master carries out leveling with a metal scraper and leaves the surface until the composition hardens. If necessary, several such layers may be applied.
Backfill waterproofing
Waterproofing the floor in a wooden house can be done by filling in with special materials called concrete. With their help, the prepared space is filled. Under the influence of water, this material forms a gel that is almost not able to pass moisture. In addition to waterproofing qualities, the formed layer has thermal insulation capabilities. However, it is thicker, which reduces the height of the ceilings. Before starting backfill of waterproofing material , formwork should be made, which are installed around the perimeter of the room. The surface is cleaned and dried, after which you can begin to backfill, carefully leveling and compacting.
Recommendations for plaster waterproofing
Such compositions have mineral binders and polymer additives among the ingredients. Cement is used as a filler. The prepared mixture should be applied in several layers, which will create a waterproof seal. The base for such waterproofing should be cleaned of paint. Among its mandatory characteristics - maximum strength and cleanliness. Roughnesses and cracks should be covered up.
The dry mixture must be supplemented with water, following the manufacturer's instructions. The prepared compound is mixed, preferably using a construction mixer. During work, the room temperature should be in the range from +5 to + 30 °. The solution is applied in several layers, the quality of which can reach four. Between them should wait an interval of 10 minutes. At the stage of solidification, the surface should not have a working load, it is necessary to ensure that the thermometer does not fall below 0 °. In this case, drying out should be excluded.
Methods for conducting waterproofing waterproofing
The waterproofing of the floor in a wooden house can be carried out by gluing technology. At the same time, bituminous rolled, polymer-bitumen or polymer materials are glued to the base. They should be made of components that prevent the formation of putrefactive processes. As in the cases described above, the floor surface is cleaned and dried, and then mastic is applied to it, the layer thickness should be 1.5 mm. Rolls are rolled up from above, adhesion is achieved using solvent-based adhesives. It is important to heat and weld together the previously cleaned seams. The number of layers will depend on the exposure of the floor to water.
Improving the effectiveness of waterproofing
In order for the waterproofing of the rough wooden floor to be as effective as possible, materials should be protected not only from above, but also from below. If the building does not have a basement, then waterproofing is carried out during the construction of the foundation. Whereas waterproofing the floor, which has a basement below, can be more complicated. To protect materials from moisture, a whole range of measures should be taken. For this, a ventilation system is being arranged in the subfield. Wooden structures are treated with antiseptics, and from the basement side the surface is isolated with an isoplast or roofing material. Waterproofing work, as a rule, is carried out in conjunction with thermal insulation.
Waterproofing the wooden floor in the bathroom
The waterproofing of the wooden floor in the bathroom should be as effective as the material is constantly exposed to moisture. For the construction of this part of the room, you should choose material from waterproof wood species by the type of aspen or larch. The elements of the floor are impregnated several times; all parts under the flooring should be covered with insulating material. For full protection of the base, tile should be laid on the surface, which will prevent the penetration of water. The rest of the waterproofing can be carried out according to one of the above technologies.
Waterproofing the floor in the bath
Protection of the floor in the bath is most often carried out by coating or gluing. For this, roll material or mastics of different compositions can be used. Reliability of protection will depend on the thickness of the layer. If film material is used, then you should think about the adhesive composition. One of the main requirements for it is that it should not emit harmful substances when exposed to elevated temperatures. Experts do not advise using roofing material in the role of insulators for the steam room and shower room, since its service life is not so high, and when heated, it releases components of oil products. Among other things, after laying it suggests the need for abundant bitumen treatment. Thus, the waterproofing of the wooden floor in the bath should be a thick plastic wrap.
Some experts believe that a more effective way is impregnation. On sale you can find universal special gels that are used for any material. But such products are quite expensive. A number of builders do not recommend waterproofing work in the steam room at all. This is because the smells of rot and mold will begin to appear in the room. However, to exclude this, it is necessary to organize an additional ventilation system.
Moisture protection of the bottom of the wooden floor
Waterproofing under a wooden floor can be done on the ground. No matter how dry it is, such work should definitely be done. For this, a base of several layers is prepared, the first being a well-compacted soil, which will be compacted manually or using special equipment. The next step is to add sand, which serves as a good waterproofing. If you have to work with dense soils, then a 10 cm layer will be enough. However, if the soil is heaving and prone to freezing, the height of the bedding can increase to 20 cm, since the base is prone to absorb moisture.
The next step is to fill up a 10 cm layer of crushed stone, which has a medium or large fraction. The surface is compacted, which prevents the penetration of moisture to high layers. Thus, you can block the access of moisture to the floor beams and lags. If groundwater is located deep, not higher than 2 m from the surface, then crushed stone can be replaced with expanded clay, which serves as a heat and waterproofing. These layers are necessary when choosing any surface waterproofing of the floor and the method of laying the wooden coating.
Pole floor waterproofing
It is possible to make waterproofing of a wooden floor on poles according to the technology below. For this, it is necessary to dig holes throughout the entire area of the basement, the distance between which should be 1.5 m. A pillow of sand and gravel is laid on their bottom, and then waterproofing is made of plastic film. It should go to the soil surface by 30 cm. Poles are arranged from the brick, which, after the solution has dried, must be treated with waterproofing mastic.
The best waterproofing for a wooden floor in this case consists of different materials. For example, a ruberoid is laid on the surface of the space under the floor, the canvases of which are fastened together with bitumen mastic. It should be raised to the basement walls by 20 cm and glued with bitumen. The corners are carefully closed, it is best not to cut the material at all, but to fold it in folds. When installing roofing material, you must create a sealed container at the bottom of the subfloor. The columns are treated with bitumen and covered with pieces of roofing material, which is laid in several layers. You can carry out such waterproofing of a wooden floor under a tile. This technology at the next stage provides for the installation on columns of thick floor beams, which are pre-treated with penetrating waterproofing materials. The beams are fixed on the supports with metal mounts, logs are installed on them, and a skull block is fixed below each of them , which will become the basis for the subfloor.
Conclusion
Whatever material you choose for waterproofing a wooden floor, the main thing is to observe a specific technology, one of which can be implemented by you yourself.