There are several types of malocclusion. Rare teeth are the most common. It is characterized by the presence of very wide gaps between dental units. At the same time, outwardly chewing structures are similar to a comb with rare teeth. This pathological condition cannot be ignored, since it can lead to the development of dangerous complications. Currently, there are several methods for treating rare teeth (a photo of the defect is presented below). The appropriateness of applying this or that method is evaluated by the orthodontist.
Reasons and consequences
The “culprit” of pathology is a genetic factor. Large distances between chewing units are noticeable already at the stage of teething. In extremely rare cases, pathology develops against the background of the progression of dental diseases.
Rare teeth in humans are not only unaesthetic, but also dangerous to health. Initially, psycho-emotional instability appears. It is due to the emerged complexes and lowered self-esteem.
In addition, rare teeth cause the following pathological conditions:
- Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The wide gaps between the dental units do not allow you to chew food qualitatively. As a result, food enters the stomach in an insufficiently processed form. A natural consequence is a digestive disorder.
- Tooth loss Chewing units located far apart are highly fragile. In addition, they are extremely vulnerable to any external influences.
- Inflammatory processes in the oral cavity. If there are large gaps between the teeth, the soft tissues also become more vulnerable to external influences. They are easily injured, and with the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into the oral cavity, an inflammatory process develops.
To prevent complications and make the smile perfect, you need to contact the orthodontist. Only a doctor can provide information on how to fix rare teeth in each case.
Diagnostics
After the examination, the orthodontist will refer the patient to a comprehensive examination. Based on its results, the doctor will be able to decide on what to do with the rare teeth of the person who came to him.
Diagnosis may include the following studies:
- Orthopantomogram. This is a 3D shot of the jaws.
- X-ray examination.
- Computer diagnostics. The method is considered the most accurate and informative. It allows you to evaluate both the structure of the jaw and the location of the teeth.
Based on the diagnostic results, the orthodontist will select the most effective way to treat rare teeth. It is important to understand that it is impossible to correct the genetic factor, however, doctors are able to mask the defect so that the patient's smile is perfect. Contrary to popular belief, with adult rare teeth, braces are powerless. This method of bite correction is not used if a person has large distances between the teeth.
Dental implantation
The technique is the most radical. The essence of the procedure is to replace rare dental units with dentures. The latter are screwed into the jaw with a titanium pin that mimics the root of the tooth.
The main advantage of implants is that they are most similar to natural chewing units and fully perform the functions of the latter. As a result, food is chewed qualitatively, the load between the teeth is distributed evenly. As a result, the process of forming the correct bite is launched.
In addition, implanted teeth are permanent. In other words, they do not need to be removed and taken care of separately.
Dental implants are contraindicated in the presence of type II diabetes mellitus, HIV, hepatitis and severe heart pathologies.
Bridge installation
The use of a fixed orthodontic design is a modern way of replenishing wide gaps in the dentition.
In order for the prosthesis to be securely fixed, the presence of supporting dental units is necessary. It is on them that the whole structure is attached.
The best option is the manufacture of a bridge made of cermet. The service life of this design is 7 years or more. At the same time, the bridge retains its original shade and does not differ from adjacent natural teeth.
Contraindications to the installation of the prosthesis on rare teeth:
- Periodontitis in acute form.
- Chewing muscle parafunctions.
- Insufficient height of supporting teeth.
If there are absolute contraindications, the doctor decides on the appropriateness of using a different treatment technique.
Filling
It is currently one of the most affordable treatments for rare teeth. Its wide distribution is due to its low cost and ease of execution.
The essence of the method is as follows: fillings of the same color as natural chewing units are placed on the teeth. The procedure is considered jewelry, since the doctor must literally create new bone structures. As a result, the teeth become wider, and the gaps between them disappear. Only a specialist can visually distinguish fillings from natural dental units.
During the procedure, orthodontists use only high quality materials. They are ceramics and porcelain.
After filling rare teeth, the work of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract normalizes and the correct bite begins to form.
Installation of veneers
This is a highly effective adjustment method. Veneers are the thinnest plates made of ceramics or porcelain. They are installed on top of natural teeth.
The main advantage of the method is that the plates cover and protect the enameled coating of the dental units. In other words, grinding or grinding of adjacent teeth is not necessary.
Contraindications to the installation of veneers:
- Strong destruction of the dental units from the tongue.
- The presence of large fillings.
- Gnashing of teeth.
- The presence of a bad habit of opening bottles with teeth, cracking nuts with them, etc.
In addition, veneers cannot be installed if six or more chewing units are missing in the oral cavity.
Setting crowns
These are non-removable structures with which it is possible to eliminate dental defects. The installation of crowns is also indicated for severe destruction of dental units. The essence of the method is the introduction of an artificial tooth into the gum using a pin made of metal.
The installation of crowns requires some preparation. The patient’s natural teeth are dissected, and if necessary, depulpation is performed. Crowns are made several days. For this period, the patient is set up temporary structures. Finished crowns are completely identical to the patient’s teeth. They differ only in width, which allows you to hide large gaps between the chewing units.
Contraindications are the following conditions: loose teeth, an allergic reaction to the components used, periodontal pathology. In addition, crowns are not installed for persons under 16 years of age.
Rare teeth in a child
For children, radical methods of treatment are not used. In addition, a child under 5 years old should just be watched. This is due to the fact that after teething the jaw continues to grow, respectively, there must be gaps between the dental units. This is a normal physiological process. A doctor should be consulted only if the space between the teeth remains very wide after eruption of all deciduous teeth.
Children can have braces. In most cases, after such an adjustment, the teeth will take the necessary position, and the distance between them will decrease.
If a cosmetic defect remains pronounced even after removing the bracket system, the doctor may recommend filling or installing veneers. The advantage of these methods is that there is no need to dissect natural teeth. Installation of veneers is recommended. Thin plates can not only hide empty areas, but also protect the enamel from the harmful effects of external factors.
Finally
Rare teeth are a pathology due to a genetic factor. This condition is characterized by the presence of large distances between dental units. This is not only a cosmetic defect. A similar phenomenon leads to disruption of the digestive system and serves as a trigger factor for the development of inflammatory processes in the oral cavity.
The orthodontist is engaged in the correction of a cosmetic defect. Initially, the specialist prescribes a comprehensive examination to the patient, based on the results of which the doctor determines with further treatment tactics. Currently, the following methods for correcting rare teeth are most common: implantation, filling, installation of bridges, crowns and veneers.