Self-propelled jib cranes are included in the mandatory list of equipment used in the construction of high-altitude facilities, performing loading and unloading and auxiliary operations. Due to the special design of the tower installation, the machines are capable of handling loads weighing up to 80 tons. The most common type of self-propelled models of this group is a jib crane, which has no competitors in terms of autonomy of movement and maneuverability. This advantage determined the scope of truck cranes - at remote sites where relatively small amounts of work are required.
Jib crane construction
As a basis for truck cranes, chassis of serial trucks are usually used - thanks to such a base, models receive a sufficient level of mobility. For the effective implementation of construction and installation tasks, the equipment is equipped with arrows with jibs, which have different characteristics and modifications. In addition, the crane can be equipped with other tower boom systems. In this regard, the chassis used is universal. Also, the construction of the truck crane provides four outrigger type supports, integrated by a hydraulic drive. Work at high altitudes requires increased stability of special equipment, so there are hydraulic stabilizers on the rear axles.
Drive types
The truck crane drive can be of several types and differs in two main parameters: the principle of servicing each mechanism and the direct installation of the power plant. If we talk about the first classification, then there are single-motor cranes and multi-motor. First, the working process of all units is carried out due to one engine, and secondly, each mechanism is paired with its own individual motor. Also, a truck crane can be equipped with a mechanical, electric or hydraulic drive. In general, the composition of these mechanisms is the same and provides for the following components:
- power plant;
- gear box;
- power selection unit;
- power elements of the drive.
The differences lie in the fact that the mechanical drive carries out working actions through cable drums, the electrical installation has a generator and is powered by electric current, and the hydraulic system operates on the basis of hydraulic pumps and hydraulic motors.
Characteristics of the Ivanovets truck crane
The complex design does not allow to bring together even the average structural parameters that automobile cranes have. The technical characteristics of the Ivanovets model in the KS 35715-2 series, which is one of the most popular in Russia, look like this:
- Dimensions of the transport base: length 100 m, height 38.5 m, width 25 m.
- Total weight with boom: 16.4 tons.
- Wheelbase formula: 4 x 2.
- Power unit power: 230 l. from.
- Payload: 16 t.
- Departure boom length: up to 14 m.
- Lowering / lifting speed: maximum 8.5 m / min.
- Movement speed: 60 km / h.
Modifications of the Ivanovets truck crane
The most popular is the Ivanovets truck crane, with a lifting capacity of 25 tons. About 80% of all truck cranes that are produced in Russia fall on this version. At the same time, there are modifications that can work with loads of 16, 20 and even 80 tons. No less diverse are the variations in the characteristics of the boom equipment, but these parameters are not decisive in terms of structural features.
The model line includes truck cranes with different chassis - as a rule, these are platforms of leading domestic enterprises. The crane is available in four versions: on the URAL, KAMAZ, MAZ chassis and - in special version - on the BAZ platform. From the point of view of the wheel formula, the Ivanovets truck crane can have all-wheel drive chassis 8 x 8 and 6 x 6, as well as configurations with an incomplete drive - for example, 2 x 4 or 4 x 8.
Truck crane operation
Before working operations, it is necessary to make sure that all crane mechanisms are in good condition, as well as oil with fuel of the corresponding brands. To begin work, the operator puts the control handle in the active position. The inclusion of devices in the cabin of modern models, as a rule, occurs automatically. With the appropriate controls, the driver adjusts the outriggers and levels the equipment.
Directly crane operations can be carried out only when the power plant control pedal is depressed - its position is determined by the parameters of the operating procedures. It is important to note that the operation of an automobile crane provides for tight control of the situation at the construction site. For example, lifting or lowering the load is carried out only on the condition that there are no obstacles in the path, and a section for future cargo fixation is prepared. Manipulations with a handle and, accordingly, an arrow and a hook are carried out in accordance with the operating parameters of the engine.
Maintenance
Truck cranes require a special maintenance approach. Service work includes several stages. First of all, mechanics inspect the structure, check screw fasteners and welds. Identified defects in the seams are cut down and brewed again. Next, the quality of fixation of the support-rotary base, the technical condition of the driver's cab, boom and tower platform are checked. In working condition, the truck crane has adjusted shafts and axles, serviceable gears and bearings in the gearboxes, etc. At the final stage of maintenance, the workability and functionality of the truck crane at idle are tested.
Repair Recommendations
When repairing, special spare parts sets are usually used, which do not involve disassembling the most critical components of the equipment. When eliminating malfunctions identified in the hydraulic mechanisms, the external elements of the housings, as well as the mating parts, are cleaned, and the hydraulic systems are unloaded from pressure. At the same time, the working tool used in unscrewing the plugs, along with the oil tank, is cleaned before use. When repairing the wheels of the chassis, a truck crane is mounted on its own supports. If the freight ropes of a mechanical drive are replaced, then screwing up the chain hoist is not excluded. Depending on the operating requirements, it may be necessary to seal the components and assemblies with the parameters of the repair operations performed.
The nuances of transporting a truck crane
Transportation of any special equipment requires special preparation. The automobile crane, as noted above, is the most mobile and convenient in operation among self-propelled analogues. To move it should be transferred to the transport position, perform inspection of functional mechanisms and the chassis. An important role from the point of view of transportation is played by the lifting capacity of automobile cranes. This indicator must be taken into account, since it directly affects the total weight of the machine.
That is, in the transport position, this mass is identical to the weight of one chassis with a maximum load, but the center of gravity of the crane is higher than that of the platform machine. This means that when moving on its own, a truck crane is not as stable as a regular truck embedded in its platform. Therefore, in the process of moving equipment, safety measures should be adhered to, avoiding sudden braking with sharp turns. All kinds of flaws in the road surface (pits, potholes, etc.) should be avoided or overcome at low speed.