One of the most famous and powerful pistols produced in the Russian Federation is the Serdyukov pistol (SPS, Gyurza, Vector). Today we will get acquainted with the history of the emergence and development of this model. We learn what it is remarkable for, we will analyze its main characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.
Story
The history of the self-loading pistol Serdyukov (ATP) began with the development of a new pistol complex at the Klimovsk Research Institute. The gun was supposed to surpass both domestic and foreign counterparts in service, operational and combat parameters. The need to create a new, radically different from that used in the army, special services and law enforcement agencies, model of personal short-barreled weapons arose in the 80s. The reason for this is simple - the introduction into the armed forces of a number of countries of personal protective equipment that varies by class. Second-class bulletproof vests, for example, can stop a TT pistol bullet when firing at close range.
But bulletproof vests were actively used not only by law enforcement agencies, but also by terrorist organizations. Body armor protects a maximum of 30% of the body. But in conditions of fire contact everything begins and passes very transiently. Therefore, there is not enough time for aiming, and fire is being fired at the hull, since this is the largest target. With body armor in this case, you can not only survive, but also actively conduct return fire.
What was needed was a new weapon-cartridge complex, which, having acceptable dimensions, low weight and low recoil, could effectively hit the enemy in body armor.
New approach
The widespread use of personal protective equipment was not the only reason for the development of new weapons. The weapons system of the USSR was built on the concepts of large-scale confrontation against NATO forces. Thus, the main focus was on missile and tank forces, aviation, artillery and large motorized infantry units. Personal weapons played one of the last roles. For example, PM ( Makarov’s pistol ) was created as a weapon of peacetime. And in the fighting, the officers still took the machine gun. But in the conditions of partisan and local wars of the 70-80s, this approach to weapons turned out to be completely wrong.
Practice has shown that personal small arms play a huge role. The clashes in the above wars occurred, as a rule, with the participation of small infantry units, which were supported by artillery, aircraft and tanks. Most partisan methods of warfare were used, with a large number of surprise attacks from ambushes and firing from short distances. As a result, there was a need for the modernization of personal short-barreled weapons.
Start of development
By the end of the 80s, the arms industry received new materials. Everywhere in the design of pistols began to be introduced changes. The new generation pistol had to meet the following requirements: constant combat readiness, safety in handling, reliability in severe conditions of use, great firepower, convenience and ease of operation and maintenance. Well, the cartridge used had to have a high stopping and penetrating action of the bullet.
In 1991, the design team with Peter Serdyukov at the head created two prototypes of the pistol with the index 6P35. Meanwhile, B. Yuriev completed the development of a new cartridge RG052 with high stopping and penetrating action of the bullet. The cartridge had a caliber of 9 mm and a length of 21 mm. When developing a cartridge, it was assumed that it will be used not only in the pistol, but also in the submachine gun. A key feature of this cartridge is the structure of the bullet. The upper part of the core protrudes from the shell, which means that less energy is needed to pierce it.
Serdyukov's pistol had an initial shot speed of 420 m / s. This was enough for the bullet to pierce the bulletproof vest, designed to stop the bullets of an assault rifle. In 1993, a modernized version of the pistol was created, which received the index RG055 and the working name "Serdyukov's pistol" Vector "." This model differed from the previous one in the shape and design of the bolt frame, the thickness of the barrel walls and the shape of the sight, which received enamel inserts. "Vector" was adopted by the power units and troops of the USSR. A little later, the SPS export gun Serdyukov - "Gyurza" appeared. This model is still used in the internal troops of several countries. Foreign models do not give such a successful combination of characteristics as the Serdyukov pistol. "Gyurza", like "Vector", is not the official name of the weapon and does not appear in the documents.
SR-1
In 1996, an advanced model, called the “Serdyukov SR-1 pistol,” entered the FSB units. The design had several changes. Due to the renewal of the handle (several notches on the front and back sides, as well as corrugation on the sides), it has become more convenient, which is important, given the rather powerful recoil of the weapon. The dimensions of the pistol slightly increased, and with them the resource of parts also increased. The bore was made chrome plated. The cartridge was also modified. Together with a 6.74-gram cartridge, the pistol gave 410 m / s of the initial velocity of the bullet and 565 J of energy. The second-class bulletproof vest could be hit from a distance of up to 70 meters. Several new cartridges were also created with an expansive, armor-piercing tracer bullet, as well as a lead-core bullet.
Design features
Serdyukov SR-1 pistol received a barrel channel locking system using the so-called swinging larva. This has a positive effect on accuracy. The return spring is located around the barrel and abuts against a special emphasis. For ease of disassembly, the frame consists of two parts. The handle along with the trigger guard are made of impact-resistant plastic. The metal (upper) part includes a number of parts and has guides for the shutter frame. The double-action trigger mechanism has a safety platoon of the bracket, however, it is not automatically placed on it.
Precaution
To make a self-cocking shot, you must first put the bracket on the safety platoon. To cock the bracket manually, you must necessarily turn off the automatic crank fuse. If a misfire occurs during firing, it is eliminated by sending a new cartridge into the chamber, and not by repeatedly tapping the capsule, as it was before.
Great power requires special care. Therefore, the gun has two automatic fuses. The handle, it is also a lever, the fuse is located on the rear side of the handle, locking the sear. The second fuse protrudes from the surface of the trigger and blocks its movement until the trigger is pressed by the arrow.
Self-loading
When all the cartridges from the magazine have been used up, the shutter guard automatically stops the shutter (not a delay, but a stop). When a new magazine is put in place, the slide cover is automatically removed from the stop and sends the cartridge to the chamber. Thus, by attaching an equipped magazine, the shooter can immediately start firing without reloading the weapon. Pulling the bolt back (which requires precious time), as with most pistols, is not necessary.
A few more features
Serdyukov's pistol has a double-sided sliding magazine latch. It is located in a standard place - at the top of the store, behind the descent. Due to the fact that the latch is located on both sides, both right-handed and left-handed people can use the gun with the same convenience. The store has a box-shaped structure and holds as many as 18 rounds. This feature, along with the self-loading pistol is its main advantage. Targeted shooting is provided thanks to the front sight and rear sight, on which light stripes are drawn for precise fire at dusk. If necessary, the pillar can be adjusted using special tools included in the set of spare parts. Disassembly of the gun is carried out according to the standard scheme.
Changes 1997-2003
In 1997, the Serdyukov pistol again suffered structural changes. The handle took on a new shape, which made it possible to hold the gun equally convenient for shooters of different physiques. The store received a button latch. And the sights took on slightly different dimensions and shape. At the end of the same year, the pistol could not win the Rook contest and began to develop independently. Work on fine-tuning the model to new requirements was called "Granite" and continued until 2000. As a result, the gun again changed its name to Vector SR-1M and entered some security services for testing.
In 2003, the Serdyukov pistol was adopted by the FSB, but after further improvements. The handle became more convenient, the trigger guard increased. Now the model has come to be known as ATP, which means "Serdyukov’s self-loading pistol." However, it was self-loading earlier. In general, the military calls this model differently: “Serdyukov’s pistol”, “SPS”, “SR-1”, “Vector”, “Gyurza”, despite the fact that each of the names was given to weapons in different years.
2012 version
In the summer of 2012, the next modification of the ATP was presented. It was distinguished by the presence of Picatinny grooves (used to mount tactical lights, caliber sights and laser pointers). A muffler can be attached to the 2012 model. This version is used by the armed forces to this day.
Advantages
In general, Serdyukov's self-loading pistol has excellent operational and combat characteristics. Its reliability is confirmed by participants in real combat operations. The model works flawlessly in the temperature range from -50 to +50 ° C. Moreover, thanks to the plastic handle, you can comfortably hold it with your bare hand in any weather conditions. The trigger button does not interfere with comfortable shooting. Serdyukov pistol has a high quality assembly, processing of materials and their manufacture. The high-strength plastic used in the construction proved to be excellent.
disadvantages
Due to the powerful spring, the fuse in the arm presses pretty hard on the hand. Due to the large grip, those with a small brush have to change their grip when changing the store. The strange shape of the trigger makes it difficult for a quick self-cocking shot when delivering weapons. The fact is that, as a rule, the finger of the arrow rests on the edge of the trigger guard, and not on its center, which leads to slipping of the finger.
Despite these shortcomings, the Serdyukov self-loading pistol is actively produced and used by various law enforcement and law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation. It is armed with units of the FSB, FSO, individual detachments of the SOBR and OMSN. Weapons are also available at the Presidential Guard and Border Guard.
Serdyukov pistol: specifications
Practice has shown that the aiming range from this type of weapon is 100 meters. The accuracy of the battle is commendable. A fighter with an average level of training at a distance of 25 meters puts ten bullets in an area with a diameter of 6.5 cm. At a distance of 100 meters, the indicator increases to 32 cm.
A shot from a hundred meters SP-10 cartridge pierces a bulletproof vest, consisting of two titanium plates 1.4 mm thick, as well as 30 layers of Kevlar.
As a summary, let us recall the main characteristics of the SPS pistol. The length of the gun is 200 mm, and the barrel length is 120 mm. The height of the weapon is 145 mm and the width is 34 mm. The caliber is 9 by 21. The mass of the pistol without cartridges is 900 g. The store holds 18 rounds.
Conclusion
ATP is a weapon to be proud of. Not for nothing that it has been used for many years by power units of different countries of the world. Other things being equal, this gun definitely surpasses foreign competitors in penetration, accuracy and ease of use. Of course, the PCA has drawbacks, but they are not so great as to write it off.