The objective reality given to us in sensations is the physical world that surrounds us daily. That is, what is really material: land, grass, a tree near that hill, a cat squinting in the sun - in general, everything that you can really feel, see and touch.
In philosophical doctrine, the answer to this question is understood as follows:
“Everything that exists beyond our consciousness and surrounds us is an objective reality given to us in sensations.”
In philosophy, there are categories such as being, matter, time and space, the properties of which will be discussed below.
Objective reality
Being is a comprehensive reality on which everything material and spiritual depends. But still this concept is relative.
Regarding a person - this is everything that exists outside of his consciousness and is perceived by him, but he and his attitude are the same objective reality for other individuals.
If we distract from the subjective perception of reality, it becomes obvious that it, in general, is similar to the general reality, consisting of different material things with their own properties, time, movement, space and physical laws. In addition, being has such social phenomena as the state, education, culture, science and so on.
Human influence
Do not think that the concept of “matter” contradicts the concept of “objective reality”. Such an effect occurs only when the material is deprived of those properties and forms, without which it simply ceases to exist. For example, if a person dies, then his subjective reality goes into non-existence with him.
Life, movement, time and space are features or manifestations of the true qualities of all living or non-living on earth, forming the world in which we live. The objective reality given to a person in sensations is a world that exists independently of him and his thinking, allowing you to feel and see what is around. Reality does not depend both on the subject's idea of the external world, and on his position regarding everything that exists. It can be described as a complex mechanism acting according to its own laws, and a person cannot somehow significantly influence its course.
Different ideas about objective reality, in sensations
In magical and religious teachings, it is said that the world opens its doors to man, obeying his spiritual (subjective) activity. The basis of all things is considered the “Higher powers” or the Gods who created this world (creationism), directly affecting the course of its events (theism) or silently contemplating what is happening in it (deism).
Agnostic teaching, on the contrary, implies that the objective reality given to us in sensations is unattainable for absolute understanding and cognition by man.
Many scientists believe that the aforementioned term, rooted in our Russian philosophy, means nothing more than a manifestation of a logical mistake, because the word "reality" itself can be designated as a given, independent of the actions of the subject. In the understanding that illusions, dreams and hallucinations are valid for a certain subject (more precisely, for his brain), if you look at them from the angle of a logical continuation of his psycho-emotional state. Usually these illusions are described in detail in the medical history, and sometimes become the object of detailed study. But from a different point of view, this is a real natural cut-off of reality from its perception, and, as a consequence, the designation “objective reality” helps to see the difference between the real and the present.
What is the difference between vision?
Matter, as an objective reality, given to us in sensations, is all that is actually present around us. This is something that the subject (person) can not fully influence in any way. If he dies, then the world around him will calmly continue his existence in space and time. But subjective reality, on the contrary, directly depends on a person's perception of various cases in life, his personal attitude to them and the experiences caused by this. To determine the objective reality that can be touched, imitated or captured, the term “matter” is used in philosophical doctrine, and it is conditionally divided into two groups:
- what is known by man (subjective reality);
- that which is unusual for him to understand (objective reality).
This separation is necessary because, reflecting on the properties of matter, we can only reason about what lends itself to human understanding. Our sensations are a sensual reflection of objective reality that cannot be ignored.
The main components of matter
Matter appears in three general forms:
- Traffic. By this term is meant not just the usual movement of bodies, but also various interactions with them in any manifestations and forms. Often, we consider peace to be the antipode of movement, which seems reasonable, but it is still a common misconception, since the state of rest is comparative and the movement is unconditional.
- Space. This is the first form of being of matter. This philosophical term is used to refer to the structure of objects, as well as their properties to have a length and stand on a par with others. Space can be described as infinity.
- Time. This is the second component of material reality. This term is customary to explain the life expectancy of any of the objects, as well as their rapid change. The second and third categories are considered to be both unchanged and relative, because their qualities are very variable and dependent on many factors, but not a single object can do without their influence.
Conclusion
For each of us, the world around us is as real as we understand it. Much of humanity is still unknown and unattainable for him, but the day and time will come when everything will fall into place and the world will sparkle with new colors.
Reality is the main concept of philosophical doctrine, because without it it is impossible to answer eternal questions:
- What came first, consciousness or matter?
- Does a person have the opportunity to comprehend the reality around him?
These are questions in an attempt to answer which you can break all your teeth about the granite of science, but do not decide on the answer.