Every army needs capable soldiers. Naturally, they must be able to shoot, and at the same time also hit the target. In order for the teachings to be effective, it is necessary to combine theory and practical exercises. To help the instructor and soldiers, there is such a wonderful thing as instruction on a small business. This instruction, compiled for any weapon that is released in the USSR and Russia, allows you to independently study the technique and better understand the mentor. The fact that these manuals were compiled and published in 1970 does not matter much. They are relevant today for those who need to study small business to perfection.
What is shooting instruction
These instructions are an official document compiled by specialists from the Ministry of Defense. Collections with instructions have been published in various formats - these are both general provisions and instructions for each type of weapon individually. They contain basic information on ballistics, the design of each weapon, the conditions for their use, maintenance and storage, methods and rules of firing. With these instructions, you can thoroughly study the theory of small arms, learn how to assemble, disassemble and store personal weapons.
Before picking up a pistol, rifle or submachine gun, it is necessary to study the instruction on small arms in terms of information on internal and external ballistics, dispersion of bullets during firing and the reality of firing. This will help to understand which weapon is best used for these specific conditions and goals.
Appointment and combat properties
Each type of technical means used to destroy living and non-living goals has a specific purpose. Accordingly, it is necessary to know their properties. Only in this case the set goals will be effectively realized. For example, a manual on small business (AKM) describes not only the design of the Kalashnikov assault rifle and the principle of its operation. In this instruction, he is described as a weapon from which to fire, being in any convenient position - standing, lying, from a knee, from a trench, a fortified firing point. It is not recommended to choose a position for shooting on a hill. But in the manual for the Dragunov sniper rifle it is said that when firing from this weapon you can choose a point for firing both on a hill and in a trench.
Storage and care
In order for the weapon to always be ready for use for its intended purpose, it requires special care and storage. Pistols or machine guns are cleaned before and after firing, and with irregular use, at least once a week. The same recommends a manual on small business (PM) to do with a Makarov pistol.
The grease prevents moisture from entering metal parts of the weapon that are susceptible to corrosion. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out it immediately after cleaning. The Small Arms Manual recommends the use of gun grease and an RFS solution. Before cleaning and lubricating any weapon, it is necessary to prepare materials and accessories, then disassemble it.
Various instructions are provided for storing instructions. Any weapons must be fused when moving. In places of permanent location of the military unit for storage, certain places are allocated. Kalashnikov assault rifles are stored in a discharged form in a pyramid. The Small Arms Manual (SVD) provides a separate special compartment for storing optical sights in covers, shops, accessories and bags. For carbines, a pyramid stand is used.
Inspection and preparation for shooting
Any weapon should be inspected regularly. This is done in order to exclude its inoperability in combat conditions: on duty, on guard, in battle. But for the Kalashnikov assault rifle, the manual on small business (AK) recommends conducting inspections even if it is not planned to use it in the near future. The same applies to the SKS carbine. It is necessary to check the weapon for rust, dirt, scratches, dents for timely replacement of parts and elements.
In order to prepare the weapon for shooting, it is necessary to lubricate its metal parts, inspect it in assembled form and carry out inspection of clips (stores). If any defects or malfunctions are detected, it cannot be used.
General shooting rules
The Small Arms Manual also provides for specific instructions for firing from each type of weapon. First of all, it is necessary to monitor the progress of the battle. The target for defeat must be chosen in a timely manner, hit it at the most convenient moment. It is necessary to track the results of the shooting and, if necessary, adjust the firing; check the presence of cartridges and ensure their timely replenishment.
Features of shooting from various types of weapons
A sniper rifle is intended to destroy living targets. In order for the shooting to be effective, it is necessary not only to correctly choose a place for firing, but also to determine the distance to the target. In addition, the SVD Rifle Case Manual recommends that weather conditions be taken into account with a firing range of over 500 meters.
The Kalashnikov assault rifle is used not so much to hit targets as to restrain the movement of enemy forces, since with increasing distance the accuracy of the hit decreases. The Small Arms Manual (AKM) describes in detail what positions and how to fire when performing specific missions.
Simonov’s carbine is highly accurate firing. And, although it has long been withdrawn from the arsenal of the army, it continues to be used for various purposes. Since the carbine does not have an optical sight, the Small Arms Manual (SCS) recommends observing targets with the naked eye or with binoculars. It also details the rules of aiming in various weather conditions and air temperature.
SVD sniper rifle and Simonov self-loading carbine - the most successful inventions
Instead of a conclusion, it makes sense to say a few words about this type of weapon. The Dragunov sniper rifle is unique in its own way, despite various modifications and improvements. The small arms manuals written for her do not convey the entire genius of this weapon. Moreover, it is still used in parts of the army of the Russian Federation for special operations or combat.
For those who are interested in a sniper career, a manual on small arms (SVD), written back in 1970, will help to master rifle shooting in a theoretical aspect. A combination of instructor experience and theory can produce excellent results.
Simonov’s self-loading carbine has long been withdrawn from service with the Russian army. However, its varieties are used today - as a hunting rifle. Despite the fact that it is considered obsolete, many accessories are sold to it in stores. At one time, some Asian countries bought a license for its production, but true connoisseurs of weapons prefer to buy SCS specifically of Soviet production.