Air vent: guidelines, location, features, tips

An important condition for the formation of a normal microclimate, which helps to maintain good health, is the regular intake of fresh air into the room. Therefore, ventilation holes in the foundation, in the roof, as well as in the walls are an integral element of literally any design. Below in the article we will study the main functions of ventilation, the principle of operation and the norms of ventilation openings.

Ventilation system diagram

Main functions

In the process of forming the air exchange system of a residential building, it is important to take care of arranging the inflow and exhaust of air. For this purpose, ventilation openings are created in the building structure, among the important functions of which are:

  • Equalization of temperature and pressure in rooms.
  • The removal of carbon dioxide.
  • Providing internal circulation of air masses.
  • Implementation of natural humidity level control.

Foundation ventilation

To always be dry in the basement, it is necessary to provide round-the-clock ventilation of the base of the house. This can be done in two ways: by forming the corresponding openings in the basement of the building, by making several ventilation holes from different sides of the foundation or by removing the exhaust pipe to the roof. Today, there are two main ways to create a ventilation system in rooms that are in a building below ground level:

  1. Cut out special vents in the foundation. In this situation, excess moisture is removed through draft: ventilation holes must be located in opposite walls.
  2. Organize the extraction of air from the basement, for which to bring the ventilation pipes to the roof, and to ensure the flow of air by installing a grille in the rooms. In this case, the ventilation holes at the base of the building do not form, but they necessarily make good external insulation of the foundation, basement and even the blind areas, if any. Then inside the basement is waterproofing the soil.

Specialists can cut ventilation holes in the foundation both round and square. Much less often, such devices are made triangular or any other shape. The main condition is that the dimensions of the ventilation holes are sufficient to ensure effective removal of moisture from the basement and basement.

Do not invent a "bicycle" and break the rules. SNiP 31-01-2003 regulate the dimensions of the ventilation holes in the foundation. According to these standards, the area of โ€‹โ€‹such devices should be at least 1/400 of the total area of โ€‹โ€‹the basement. For example, if the subfloor area is 80 square meters. m, then the total area of โ€‹โ€‹the ventilation holes in the base of the building should be 80/400 = 0.2 sq. m or 20 square meters. cm.

Wall ventilation

Wall ventilation

The air exchange system also provides for the formation of an influx of fresh air through the wall. Today, there are two types of ventilation that are built into the wall and window - natural and mechanical.

The first option, that is, the natural flow of air, is provided by a wall inlet valve. The principle of its operation is similar to the basis for the operation of a window valve: in fact, an additional through hole is created for the movement of air, but a person is not able to control its volume.

During the installation of the supply valve, the specialist must take into account the climatic environmental conditions: in regions with long and frosty winters (most of Russia), the wall ventilation valve freezes and also contributes to this process, covering the wall around the hole.

The second option - mechanical ventilation is also inserted into the wall structure. This device allows you to control and adjust the amount of incoming air into the room. Mechanical ventilation is a special device with fans that force air from the environment.

To form a ventilation hole in the wall, a through hole is made - an air duct. It is important to note that for the installation of different devices it is necessary to make vents of various diameters. The dimensions of the ventilation holes are shown below:

  • For supply wall valves, you need 10-13.2 cm.
  • For the ventilator, 8.2-15.0 cm is necessary.
  • For a recuperator, you need one hole 21.5-22.5 cm or two holes with a diameter of 8-9 cm with a distance of 20-35 cm between them.
  • For breathers for the formation of forced ventilation - 13.2 cm.
Roof ventilation

Roof ventilation

Ventilation holes are also important for releasing excess moisture from the home, which prevents the growth of pathogenic bacteria and mold. Also, ventilation devices in the roof prevent rotting of wood in the attic. Performed devices for ventilation of plastic or metal. Such devices can be made with their own hands from materials that are quite realistic to purchase in a construction or household supermarket.

As a rule, for every 15 square meters. m of roof mounted vents with an area of โ€‹โ€‹0.1 square meters. m

Spotlight ventilation

Spot ventilation

To make a device for ventilation, a cardboard template for the ventilation hole is required. Using this model, a specialist draws a contour of the hole between the soffit supports. The location of the latter is easy to find by the hats of nails, which serve to attach the spotlights to the supports. Holes are drilled at the corners of the contour using a drill or other improvised tools. The work is completed by installing the grille on the ventilation hole.

Window ventilation

Ventilation in the windows

To ventilate the room, literally everyone is used to opening windows. The most obvious, but also the most inconvenient way. With fresh air, dust and dirt from the environment, noise and smells from the street get into the living quarters. In winter, an open window contributes to the appearance of drafts and, accordingly, colds.

Another way to ensure proper ventilation through the window is to install a supply valve in the window frame. Thanks to this, it is quite possible to enhance the natural air flow by creating an additional ventilation hole.

Exhaust ventilation is an important element for normal air exchange in both residential and public buildings. If it is installed correctly, then the premises will maintain a favorable microclimate for human health.


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