Ways of interaction and forms of bringing people together: examples

In a broad sense, society should be understood as a combination of methods of interaction and forms of association of people . Any society has an internal structure. In the modern world, the internal structure of society is quite complex. This is due to the variety of options for the interaction of people and forms of their association .

Subsystems

They stand out depending on the forms of association of people and their interaction . The main social subsystems are: political, economic and spiritual.

Depending on the subjects involved in the interaction, a professional, family, class, settlement, demographic form of association of people is distinguished.

There is also a classification of subsystems by type of public relations. On this basis, such social forms of uniting people as groups, communities, institutions, organizations are distinguished. These subsystems are considered the most important links in the social system. The purpose of these forms of bringing people together is to satisfy needs in the implementation of coordinated joint actions.

Community

It should be understood as a relatively stable form of association of people . It is characterized by the presence of more or less the same features of the image and living conditions of individuals included in it, of mass consciousness, the unity of norms, interests, values.

Communities are not formed consciously by people. They develop in the process of objective social development. At the same time, the basis of these forms of association of people is different . Examples of this can be cited as follows: production team, social and professional group, social class. These subsystems are formed by people with a common industrial interest. There are forms of association of people that have arisen on an ethnic basis. To them, for example, include nations, nationalities. Another criterion for unification is the demographic factor (gender, age).

Community Types

The following classification of these forms of association of people exists:

1. Statistical. They are formed for statistical analysis.
2. The real ones. These communities are distinguished by actual signs.
3. Massive. These forms of association of people are distinguished on the basis of differences in behavior. However, the differences are not fixed and depend on the situation.

The first two categories include the city. In statistical terms, this form of association of people will be community in terms of registration at the place of residence. If residents use urban infrastructure, then the community will already be real. The third category includes the crowd and the public.

Mass Communities

It is believed that society is a combination of all forms of association of people . Meanwhile, if some form is absent or periodically disappears, society does not cease to be so. The fact is that the totality of forms of association of people is a mobile system. It can change its structure under the influence of various factors. An example is the first form of association of people - tribes and their unions. Under the influence of various factors, other communities began to emerge, while the former began to disappear. However, in the modern world there are territories on which tribes live.

Today, the public and the crowd are considered variable forms of association. The latter is a short-term accumulation of individuals. They gather in one place and have common interests.

There is no group structure in the crowd that provides for the distribution of statuses and roles of individuals. She does not have uniform habits and the norm of behavior. There is no experience of previous interaction in the crowd. If the interest that united people in a crowd disappears, it dissipates.

Characteristic features of this form of association are: suggestibility, anonymity, imitation, physical contact. In a crowd, individuals interact with each other not as acquaintances or close people, but as outsiders.

The public is a spiritual community. In it, people are physically dispersed, but there is a spiritual connection between them. It is formed on the basis of unity of opinion.

According to G. Tarde, the public as a form of association arose in secular salons of the 18th century. Its true heyday fell on the period of active development of the print media. Thanks to newspapers, and subsequently television and radio, a huge number of people can actively participate in cultural and political life, express their personal opinion about certain events.

Social group

This concept is defined in different ways. In a broad sense, it means the whole of society on the planet, that is, all of humanity. In the narrow sense, the term "social group" is used to highlight the relatively large population of people in the structure of society. They interact with each other and carry out joint activities to achieve social, collective and individual goals.

In simple words, a social group should be considered an association of people who have common views and connections with each other in relatively stable models of interaction.

Key Features of Groups

According to R. Merton, the hallmarks of these forms of association are:

• Identity.
• Membership.
• Interaction.

A social group is characterized as an association of people entering into certain social ties, aware of their belonging to this group and being its members from the point of view of those around them.

Such populations of individuals are more stable, stable, relatively high level of homogeneity, cohesion. Moreover, they, as a rule, are included in other, broader social associations as their structural units.

Social institutions

They are relatively stable forms of association of individuals. They are formed for the organization of public life, for ensuring ties and relationships in the structure of society.

A distinctive feature of social institutions is a clear delineation of the powers and functions of entities interacting. In this case, the actions of individuals are harmonious. In addition, there is a rather tight control over the interaction of subjects.

Characteristic Institutions

Each such association has:

• More or less clearly formulated goals and objectives of the activity.
• A set of defined roles and statuses that are assigned to actors.
• The complex of sanctions through which the control over the behavior of individuals is ensured.
• Private and specific functions. They are aimed at meeting the needs.

According to the domestic sociologist Frolov, social institutions are inherent in:

1. Models and attitudes.
2. Set of cultural symbols. With their help, an idea of ​​the institute is formed.
3. Cultural utilitarian traits.
4. Codes of conduct (written, oral).
5. Ideology. It is a system of ideas, according to which individuals are prescribed and justified a certain attitude to certain actions.

Any social institution has a formal and substantive aspect. In terms of content, the association is considered as a system of standards for the behavior of individuals carrying statuses. In a formal sense, a social institution is a set of entities endowed with material means for the implementation of a certain social function.

Varieties of institutions

Classification is carried out depending on the tasks that this or that association performs. The main institutions are:

1. Family and marriage. Within the framework of this association, the reproduction of new individuals, members of society.
2. Education. The institute assimilates accumulated knowledge and cultural values, which are subsequently passed on to the next generation.
3. The economy. Its tasks include providing individuals and the whole society, reproduction and distribution of services and goods.
4. Political institutions. Their functions are related to establishing agreement between subjects, groups, collectives, controlling the behavior of individuals in order to maintain order, prevent and resolve conflicts.
5. Cultural Institutions. They ensure the preservation of accumulated spiritual values.

Social organization

Under it is understood the totality of subjects and their groups, united to implement any tasks on the basis of the division of labor and responsibilities, as well as a hierarchical structure.

The organization should be considered as a tool for solving social problems, a means of achieving personal or collective goals. In the latter case, there is a need to create a hierarchical structure and management system.

Any organization can be characterized by a set of elements. Among them:

1. Goal.
2. Type of hierarchy.
3. Nature of management.
4. Level of formalization.

The goal is the image of the result, in the achievement of which the organization is interested. This model can be represented in the form of tasks, orientations related to the interests of subjects. There are also system goals, the achievement of which ensures the existence and reproduction of the organization.

The hierarchical structure involves the division of roles into 2 groups: empowering and putting the subject in a subordinate position. In a hierarchical sense, decentralized and centralized organizations are distinguished. In the latter, coordination and integration of efforts take place.

Management system - a set of measures aimed at influencing an individual to encourage him to commit behavioral acts in which a social organization is interested. In this case, the subject himself may not have an interest in the commission of such actions. The main controls are incentives and tasks (orders).

Formalization of relationships is associated with the formation of standard models of behavior of subjects. It is expressed in documenting the rules and regulations. Formalization allows you to overcome organizational problems.

Ways of interaction

The forms of association of people and their groups , as can be seen from the above information, are diverse. Moreover, in each population of individuals, their characteristic relationships are established. The following main ways of interaction between subjects can be defined:

• Cooperation. It involves the cooperation of people to solve a common problem.
• Competition. It is a struggle (group or individual) for the possession of goods (scarce, as a rule).
• Conflict. It is a clash of opposing (competing) parties. The conflict can be closed or open.

The interaction as a whole should be considered the process of the influence of individuals and their associations on each other. In it, each action is determined by the previous action and the expected result from other individuals or groups.

Any interaction must have a minimum of 2 participants. From this it follows that interaction can be considered a form of action, a characteristic feature of which is a focus on another subject or other association.