Teeth are an important factor in the chewing and speech effectiveness of a person. They take part in chewing, breathing, in the development of voice and the formation of speech. The teeth cannot renew themselves, and their strength is only an appearance. Dental formula and its knowledge contribute to regular dental care and provide an opportunity to navigate the advice of dentists.
Methods for designating teeth
In dentistry, physicians use a certain numbering to diagnose a patient and ease of maintaining his card. The order of the condition of all teeth is usually noted in the form of a special formula, which is called the " human dental formula." In various theories, groups of teeth that perform the same functions are indicated in Arabic or Roman letters and numbers. There are some systems for determining teeth. This is the standard Sigmondi-Palmer method, the international theory of Viola, the Haderup system, and the multifunctional alphanumeric theory.
Sigmondi-Palmer System
The dental formula is primarily based on the Sigmondi-Palmer square-digital theory, which was approved in 1876. Its peculiarity is that all the teeth of adults are marked with Arabic numbers from 1 to 8. In children, they are numbered with Roman numbers from I to V.
Viola's Two-Digit Theory
It was approved by the International Dental Federation in 1971. According to this method, the lower and upper jaws are divided into 4 quadrants of 8 teeth. An adult has quadrants - 1, 2, 3, 4, and children - 5, 6, 7, 8. In this case, the quadrant number is indicated by the first digit. And the second digit is the number of the tooth (from 1 to 8). This is a person’s dental formula, the scheme of which helps to navigate the structure of the jaw.
Such a system is considered the most convenient to use, since there are no letters and lines. And in this regard, in the dentist's office you can hear the appointment that it will be necessary to treat the 34th or 47th tooth, and the child - the 51st or 83rd. But this does not mean at all that the adult has 47, and the baby has 83.
Haderup system
In this theory, Arabic numerals are used to determine the location of teeth . The top line goes with the “+” symbol, and the bottom line with the “-” sign. Milk teeth are shown in the form of numbers from 1 to 5 with the addition of zero, as well as the symbols "+" and "-" in comparison with molars.
Multifunctional Alphanumeric Method
This system, recognized by the American Dental Organization, has the difference that any tooth in a row has its own number in adults and the letter in children. Counting should be done to the left, starting from the upper right tooth, and then from left to right along the bottom line.
The human dental formula, the scheme of which was once developed in order to be used in medicine, plays an important role in a detailed study of the sequence of teeth in the upper and lower jaw system. You can familiarize yourself with the drawing in detail to understand how the teeth look in the open position of the jaw.
Baby teeth
Inconstant teeth in children fall out and are replaced by molars, as a rule, in the age category of 6-7 years. But sometimes there are some inconsistencies in these years associated with special characteristics of the body. The dental formula can be an assistant in the study of these features.
To see how the teeth will be updated, one should slightly understand the characteristic of the dentofacial structure and its specificity. Despite the fact that usually baby teeth are cut after the child is six months old, they are formed in the very first stages of pregnancy. This is a rather lengthy and difficult process, which ends during the third trimester of pregnancy. And as soon as the baby is born, the beginnings of permanent teeth begin to arise in him. And in this regard, it is required to take care of the health of temporary teeth, since infection with decay of a deciduous tooth may spoil the anlage of the molar.
What are the differences
The dentition of a set of primary teeth has some differences with the permanent. An adult has 32 teeth, a child has 20 milk teeth. Often, the loss of milk teeth occurs when molars are already being cut. Often parents worry that the effect of teething, as well as falling out, may be accompanied by pain for their child. But for the most part, their worries are in vain, since such an option is virtually eliminated. The situation is such that during the preparation of the dentition for the replacement of teeth, little by little the roots of the milk begin to disappear. And that's why the teeth begin to loosen and fall out, and in their place grow constant. As a rule, development occurs from the lower incisors. The teeth fall out gradually, and the entire stage lasts from 6 to 8 years.
Dental formula in children
The clinical or detailed formula of milk teeth in a child is noted in Roman numerals as follows:
V IV III II I II III IV IV V
V IV III II I II III IV IV V
It turns out that each half of the jaw of the upper and lower lines has 2 incisors (I, and II), 2 large permanent teeth (IV and V), as well as 1 canine (III), small molars are missing, the entire jaw has 20 teeth.