Today, almost every private house is equipped with a chimney. And in most cases it has practical significance, rather than purely decorative. This is due to the fact that private houses are very rarely connected to central heating, they are heated with the help of boilers, stoves, etc. And the chimney in this whole business plays a very important role. Through it, steam and smoke are released. It helps the proper functioning of any heating system. Installation of the chimney is a very complex and painstaking process.
Introduction
The chimney is a complex structure, the purpose of which is the removal of by-products of heating from the furnace into the atmosphere, which protects the house from dampness, burning, tar and burning of walls. It is an integral part of almost every country house or cottage.
The principle of operation of this design is its ability to create natural traction, which removes steam, tar, etc. Installing a chimney is a very significant process. If you make mistakes during its construction, you can not get the desired result and earn a lot of problems. An example is the insufficiently powerful draft for a certain type of furnace, which is fraught with carbon monoxide poisoning.
There are many different configurations of chimneys, which differ both in their installation price, and in traction and other characteristics. Each of them has its own disadvantages and advantages. Let's talk about what the various types of chimneys are, what tools are needed to install them, and how to install them correctly.
Tools
We will list the minimum tools that will be necessary when performing work on installing the chimney. This set may vary depending on what type of system you are installing. So let's get started. You need to prepare the following tools:
- Bulgarian (to her - a set of disks for working on stone and metal).
- Grinder machine.
- Hammer.
- Hammer with a set of drills of various diameters.
- Construction level (for convenience it is better to have large and small).
- A bucket, trowel, square, tape measure - small accessories that will simplify the work.
- If possible, purchase a mounting gun.
Now you can start work. Installing a chimney or erecting it does not seem so difficult if you have a head on your shoulders and working hands.
Materials
Today, there are many different types of chimneys that are built from different materials. Depending on the type of construction, a certain set of materials is bought. So, for example, installing a sandwich chimney involves the use of such components in the work:
- pipes of various diameters that are inserted into each other;
- filler (insulating material) with a working temperature of up to 700 degrees Celsius - this is what is between the pipes;
- pipe fasteners;
- wood screws;
- clamps and brackets;
- pipe bends - necessary for pipe bends, etc.
For laying a traditional brick chimney , cement, a special refractory brick, an umbrella for covering the pipe, etc. are needed. And here we can already see how much the consumables for a particular construction differ. Thus, having decided on the type of chimney, we begin the search and purchase of everything necessary for its installation.
Requirements for a modern chimney
Any modern chimney, whether it is a sandwich or a brick, must comply with a certain set of requirements and safety rules. What are these requirements?
- It must be resistant to moisture. The condensation process leads to the fact that the walls of the chimneys, both brick and metal, are capable of self-destruction.
- Powerful traction.
- A good chimney can withstand temperatures up to 1000 degrees Celsius.
- It should have excellent resistance to chemicals.
- Smooth inner surface (cleaning such a structure will be much easier).
Observing the rules for installing the chimney, you can achieve good results and build a really good, high-quality system for the output of combustion products.
Main varieties
There are many different classifications of chimneys, but today we will talk about such types as:
- Brick chimney.
- Chimney sandwich.
- Coaxial designs.
- Gas heat sink as a kind of chimney.
We will talk specifically about them, since they are the most popular among summer residents and owners of country houses. It is worth noting that each of the types has its advantages and disadvantages, so only you will choose which one is right for you.
Brick chimney
Installing a chimney from a brick, or rather its construction from the base to the peak, is a rather complicated process, including many stages and rules that you need to know and follow. Let's start with the fact that one such design is designed for a maximum of two furnaces, provided that they will be on the same floor.
The rules for installing the chimney are of great importance in this case. Partly they relate to masonry. Each brick should overlap the joint below lying - this will avoid self-destruction. It is believed that the construction erected by this method is much stronger than any other.
The temperature at the bottom of the oven is overwhelming. Especially if the house is heated by coal. To avoid damage to the base of the pipe, a special stainless steel nozzle is mounted on the furnace, which is subsequently lined with a double layer of brick. The size of this design depends on the height of the ceilings and the stove itself. For masonry, it is necessary to use only clay mortar with the addition of cement. It is very important to make a special valve that will block the entire hole - it will serve as a regulator to increase or decrease traction.
It is also allowed to build chimneys inside the external walls, with one, of course, one condition: if they are made of non-combustible materials. Recently, most of these systems are made on the basis of a steel pipe, which is subsequently insulated and bricked.
Chimney Installation: Sandwich Technology
Sandwich technology is a complex and expensive construction that can withstand high temperatures as well as a brick. A huge advantage of this chimney is that it practically does not need to be serviced. The only thing needed is to periodically clean it.
The chimney sandwich consists of three main elements. Firstly, the inner and outer pipes that are inserted into each other. The seams of each of them must be properly welded and wrapped with a protective flame-retardant fabric or fiber. The gap between the pipes is filled with a special fire-resistant and heat-resistant material, which does not allow the outer pipe to become very hot. This is the third element.
Installing a sandwich chimney will take a lot of time and effort, but it's worth it. The final stage of work is fixing the structure on the outside of the wall of the house. This process is carried out by means of special clamps, fasteners and brackets.
Coaxial Chimney
The installation of a coaxial chimney is most often carried out on steam generators, gas boilers, etc. This technology is somewhat similar to a sandwich, however, instead of a seal, spacers are simply installed inside that do not allow the pipes to come into contact. Such a system, unlike other varieties, can be displayed horizontally through an external wall. The installation of chimneys for gas boilers is very popular today, and the coaxial view is the most used.
You ask: "Why are they installed only on gas boilers and generators?" The answer is obvious. The thing is that the temperature in such boilers at the outlet is much lower than that of real stoves. That is why this species is not used anywhere else. Installing a gas chimney is similar to installing a sandwich system.
Modular ceramic chimney
Today, modular ceramic chimneys are in great demand, despite their sky-high prices. This is due to the fact that such konstruktsii carry two key qualities that are very important for a person - they are very simple to install and quite reliable. Such chimneys can be laid even inside wooden walls, it is only necessary to observe the gap between the wall and ceramics - 5 cm. In addition, they have a very attractive appearance.
Installation of such a chimney is very simple. To do this, it is necessary to interconnect the already finished pipe sections (modules), fasten them well and fill the seams with a special sealing solution, after which the whole structure should be fixed to / in the wall.
Chimney for a bath
Almost any owner of a suburban area wants to have a sauna or a bathhouse in the house or nearby. The most important element of the latter is the oven. After all, it is she who creates high temperatures in the steam room. And for this, a quality installation of the stove and chimney is required, which will work, so to speak, in tandem. It is best to use traditional brick structures for such a thing.
The installation rules for such a chimney we have already considered above. So there should not be any special questions. As for everything else, the installation of a chimney in the bath is possible both inside and outside the room. Decide, as always, for you. But experienced experts advise building the structure inside. The walls of the chimney are very hot, they are able to increase the temperature in the room. However, if you are not confident in your abilities, it is best to entrust such work to professionals who will do everything efficiently and quickly.
Problems installing chimneys
Installing a chimney pipe can be accompanied by a large number of problems, and an improperly constructed system will simply nullify all efforts and add a headache. Difficulties may arise. One of the reasons may be incorrectly selected material. For example, if you put a bad brick at the base of the furnace, you can remain without a chimney, since it will quickly crack and will crumble. In addition, it is necessary to know the design features of such a system in order to prevent traction from disappearing. For example, the height of the pipe above the adjacent part of the roof should be at least 0.5 m, and for houses with a combined roof (flat) - at least 2.0 m. And another important point. The mouths of brick channels to a height of 0.2 m should be protected from atmospheric precipitation with a layer of cement mortar or a cap made of roofing or galvanized steel.
Of course, it is best to learn from the mistakes of others, so as not to make your own. And misses in this case are fraught with major trouble. The wrong chimney can ruin your entire home. For example, burnt walls can easily cause a fire. Therefore, before you start something, you need to carefully plan and think through everything. Consult with knowledgeable people, re-read special literature, finally play it safe and entrust the work of installing such important systems to professionals. From this, there will be less problems, and cope with work faster.