In the article we will talk about how to make a sewer in a private house with your own hands. Let's consider practical schemes on the basis of which it is possible to complete the construction of a drain system. Here is a description of the phased production of sewage, as well as useful tips and tricks. In the manufacture of the sewerage system must take into account many factors, including the presence of groundwater, soil quality. Well, let's take a closer look at how to make a sewer in a private house with your own hands.
General rules and scheme
Compared to city apartments, not every private house has all the communication systems. For this reason, the owners independently lay them in order to improve comfort in the house. It is worth noting that if the equipment of this system along with the water supply system is initially laid in the project, then there will be no problems during construction. It will be more difficult if you have to make a sewage system in an already built house. But what will the correct sewerage in a private house look like in this case? Can I make it with my own hands?
The easiest option for such a sewage system is if you install a shower and a sink inside the building, and the toilet is on the street. In this case, you can do without work on laying pipes, as well as installing various kinds of treatment facilities. Such a scheme implies that sewage will be discharged through a pipe from the house to the sewer pit. This is one of the options for proper sewage in a private house. It’s not difficult to make and implement a project with your own hands.
A more complicated option is when the shower, toilet and sink are in the building. But if you make the wrong calculations or break construction technology, there may be a greater risk of contamination of your site, as well as water reservoirs if they are close to home. In this case, it is better to use septic tanks. Please note that it is most reasonable to have the bathroom, kitchen and toilet as close to each other as possible. Carefully you need to think about the sewage system in a private house. His hands can make a layout of all the highways in the area. This will ease installation.
In this case, you will be able to make one collector into which water from all sources will merge. Through it all waste water will flow into a septic tank or a sewage pit. Pay attention to the fact that such a sewage device in a private house is popular. With your own hands, all installation work is easy to carry out.
Choosing a scheme for a one-story house
In order to correctly choose the scheme of the sewage system, it is necessary to take into account the following points:
- Do you live in this house all the time.
- At what level are the groundwater.
- How many people live permanently in the house.
- How much water is consumed daily by residents and household appliances.
- Type of soil, its structure. This determines how the installation of sewage in a private house will be carried out. His hands can do everything but work with the ground - the most time-consuming.
- Climatic conditions in your area.
- The total area of the plot. It will determine the availability of zones for the installation of a cleaning system.
- Prescriptions of regulatory documents, in particular, SNIP.
In total, two large categories of sewage systems can be distinguished. This purification and storage. If you classify in more detail, then you will be able to choose the most suitable option for certain operating conditions. It is worth noting that even similar schemes have significant differences.
Often used a sinkhole. But it is best used if you are not living in the house all the time. This option is ideal for a summer cottage. Groundwater should be no higher than 1 m from the bottom of the cesspool. If they are too high, then it is necessary to use storage tanks. In these tight reservoirs, so you will not waste contaminate the soil.
In addition, groundwater will not enter the septic tank. But this design has drawbacks. Firstly, you have to spend money on additional services assenizatorskaya. The drains will have to be pumped out from time to time. Secondly, you need to ensure the free access of equipment to the septic tank. I am sure all these points should be considered when installing sewers in a private house with his own hands.
Varieties of sewer systems
The most simple - a single-chamber septic tank. The design and operation principle of them is approximately the same as that of cesspools. Such a scheme works well if the groundwater is not very high. In the same case, if the house is constantly inhabited by people, and the groundwater is too high, it is not recommended to use a single-chamber septic tank in the regeneration of sewage in a private house with his own hands.
Bicameral septic tanks also depend on groundwater. It is necessary that the bottom of the septic tank was at a distance of 1 meter on their level. To two-chamber septic tank working properly, it is necessary to replace the gravel and sand at least once every 5 years. The best can be called septic tanks with installed biological filters. They are suitable for houses in which people constantly live, there are no requirements for the level of groundwater. To make a simple sewage system in a private house with his own hands on this technology is not difficult.
In order to recycle waste, microorganisms are used. Enough to pour them down the sink or toilet, so that they fell into a septic tank and started to work. True, for normal operation, you will have to connect the equipment to the mains. You can make such a sewer with your own hands for a one-story private house. But first you need to look not at the floors and in the volume of wastewater.
There are septic tanks with a filtration field. They allow you to immediately perform double cleaning - biological and soil. One tank is divided into two parts. Such a sewage system can only be installed if the groundwater is at a depth of about 3 m. Also, a large area is required for the construction. It is recommended for installation of sewage in a private house with his own hands to maintain the distance to water sources and surrounding buildings at least 30 m.
There is a so-called forced air system or aeration tank. Its construction is quite expensive, but at the expense of the benefits they justify these investments. There are no restrictions on installation, but you will have to supply power. It is also necessary that someone constantly monitors the functioning of this system. The cost of sewage is quite large, it starts from two hundred thousand rubles.
How to do the sewer
The construction of any communication should be carried out according to a project developed and approved in advance. It is usually accompanied by a circuit that allows you to make internal and external wiring of the sewer system. If you wish, then you can start with the arrangement of the internal sewage system. It is not difficult to make it in a private house with your own hands, it consists of:
- Highways.
- Risers.
- Zones for connecting plumbing.
By plumbing, we mean showers that do not have trays, sinks, toilets, bathtubs. A pipe is installed at the end of the internal system. This element is at the same level with the foundation of the house. And this point needs to be considered when we do the sewers in a private house with our own hands.
When arranging an external sewage system, you will have to make a pipeline. It will allow to withdraw all wastewater from the house to the wastewater treatment or collection facilities. After approval and production of the project, you need to determine how many pipes you need. It is necessary to determine not only the size of the length, but also the diameter. Be sure to calculate how much consumables you will need for installation.
How to choose a location for the installation of a septic tank
When equips the sewers, it is important to find the right place to install a septic tank. Pay attention to such moments:
- At what depth are groundwater.
- The relief of the site where the work is planned. Please note that the run-off should come to a septic tank by gravity.
- To what depth does the soil freeze in winter.
- Are there sources of drinking water on the site.
- What is the structure of the soil.
The sandy soil is loose, so the fluid easily passes through it. In this case, there is a strong likelihood that the groundwater will be polluted by waste from sewage. If you decide to install a septic tank, it is extremely important to know what is necessary to maintain a distance from a variety of objects:
- It is necessary to retreat from the apartment building at least 5 m.
- Trees should be at a distance of more than 3 m.
- Drinking water sources must be at a distance of over 30 m.
At the first stage, it is also necessary to determine how the sewage machine will call in to the septic tank.
How to make an internal sewage system
It is extremely important to note all points on the scheme of arrangement of the internal sewerage. First you need to install the central riser. It is advisable to make it from a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm. To ensure that all gases are safely left the house, you need to put it in such a way that the top edge of the left in the attic or on the roof performed. Note that the central riser must be placed at least 4 m from the house windows.
Next, you need to lay horizontal pipelines of the internal sewage system in a private house. You can perform this work with their hands, because they do not need to use with the special equipment. If you set the audit hatches, it will allow you to easily monitor the status of the entire system, and to do cleaning if necessary.
Inspection hatches are best placed at the lowest point, as well as over the toilet. Each plumbing fixture needs a siphon with a water seal. It will completely eliminate the ingress of unpleasant odors into the rooms. Try not to rotate the pipes at right angles. In this case, you will significantly complicate the movement of wastewater.
The tube that goes from the toilet, you must connect directly to the system. For this, a pipe with a diameter of more than 100 mm is used. The bath and sink can be connected with pipes even with a diameter of 50 mm. Magistral should be placed at an angle so as to ensure the free movement of fluid. It is absolutely necessary to make a blank in the foundation. It is through it that subsequently will be laid sewage in a private house. With their hands, these works are carried out without any effort, if you do them in the construction phase.
It is recommended to put a check valve in this place, it will not allow sewage to flow back into the internal system. If you really need to make a right angle turn, it is best to take two corner parts at 45 degrees. And of them to make a turn.
We start preparing for installation
The design of a septic tank is nothing more than a two-chamber collector. Section of its connected by an overflow pipe. First you need to dig a pit, its depth should be about 3 m. The diameter must be selected based on how much septic tank you need to make. It depends on how many people live permanently in the house. The pit can be dug either manually or using special equipment.
At the bottom you need to build a sand cushion. Its thickness should be no more than 15 cm. After that, formwork is installed from boards or chipboard. It is advisable to strengthen it with reinforcement. Next, perform the dressing with the help of steel wire and make two holes in the formwork. In them, you install the cuttings of the sewer pipes. So you can make the entrance area of the highway, as well as an overflow pipe that will connect the sections.
Now the formwork can be concreted. In order to maximize the solution evenly inside the need to use Vibrating. Please note that the walls of the septic tank must be monolithic, so you need to fill them in at a time.
Installation of external sewage. We equip a two-chamber septic tank
At the bottom of the first pharmacy must be filled with concrete. As a result, you get a pressurized section, it will be used in our system as a sump. It will be from the waste water to separate solid and coarse fractions, they will settle on the bottom. The top of the compartment will accumulate purified water. And an overflow pipe is installed on top, with its help water will fall into the second compartment. Incidentally, when using aerobic bacteria can be enhanced and the degree of decomposition of solid elements.
In the second compartment, the bottom can be omitted. The chamber is made of concrete rings, or poured with cement, as in the past case. The diameter of the compartment should be about one and a half meters. But at the bottom you need to make a pillow of gravel, gravel or pebbles. As for the overflow pipe, it must be tilted by about 3 cm per meter. Think carefully about how it will look wiring sewage in a private home. Do-it-yourself installation of all connections is carried out only under the condition of high-quality sealing of joints.
Very often a two-section design is used. Although without problems you can increase the number of compartments - this will ensure the maximum degree of cleaning. As for the ceilings, they can also be done independently. To do this, pour the solution over the septic tank. Mandatory manufacture of reinforcement. An alternative is reinforced concrete slabs.
Be sure to install the inspection hatch, with it you will exercise control over the filling of the section and the hood. After installation, you need to fill the foundation pit with sand or soil. The septic tank from large fractions should be cleaned about once every 2-3 years.
In fact, the step-by-step construction of any system looks like this:
- planning;
- preparatory work on the site - clearing, marking;
- excavation;
- installation of the internal system;
- installation of a septic tank (containers);
- installation of pipeline;
- connection and inspection of pipelines.
How to properly lay the pipeline
From the outlet of the internal sewer system to the septic tank, it is necessary to lay a highway. Moreover, it should be located under a certain slope, due to which the outflow of all spent liquid is ensured. The larger diameter tube, the smaller angle is necessary in order to line normally worked. On average, the slope should be about 2 degrees. The line shall be lower than the level of the ground freezing during the winter.
Usually it is about 1 meter, but depending on the region, this indicator may increase or decrease. If you live in a warm region, then there is no need to deepen the pipes much. It is enough to put them at a depth of about 70 cm. And at the bottom of the trench, before mounting the pipe, you must fill up the sand and carefully compacted it. This will allow you secure the pipes and prevent their destruction by soil displacement.
The best option would be to give the gasket a straight line from the house to the septic tank. Of course, if necessary, turns are allowed. But in the place where the pipe turns, it is necessary to equip the manhole. Allowed the use of both iron and plastic pipes, intended solely for decorating outdoor sewerage system.
The minimum pipe diameter is 110 mm. All joints must be treated with sealants. It is necessary to first fill with sand, and then ground. In that case, if it is impossible to lay pipe at great depth, it is required to warm. For this, thermal insulation is used.
Is it possible to do without pumping
Two- and three-chamber septic tanks, as a rule, do not require pumping. In that case, if the system has two tanks, at sump should account for about 3/4 of the entire system. In the case of 3 chambers, the sump should occupy at least half the volume. In the very first section of deposited heavy fraction. As it fills, a relatively clean liquid enters the next compartment. It separates the lighter fractions.
And the third section is designed for complete wastewater treatment. After it, the effluents are fed into the filtration field or drainage well. , .
, , . , . , 2000 . , . . , , .
, . , 120 180 . , , . , , , .
200 . , 20-25%. , .
, , . , 20 , .
, , , , . , . , . , .
An autonomous system has the following advantages:
- High level of wastewater treatment.
- Unique aeration system.
- There is no system maintenance cost.
- There is completely no need for the acquisition of microorganisms.
- Small dimensions.
- No need to call a sewer machine to clean the sewer.
- It is possible to mount such a system even in case of high occurrence of groundwater.
- There are no odors from an autonomous sewer.
- High resource system. If everything is done correctly, observing all the requirements, then such a system will last up to 50 years.
Some tips for installing an autonomous sewer
As with septic tanks, the pipeline is mounted at an angle. It is recommended to make a slope of about 2..5 degrees. In the event that you ignore the requirements, the drains will be poorly discharged. When paving the highway, make sure that all of its elements were the most securely. In order to completely eliminate the risk of highway deformation and displacement during soil subsidence, it is necessary to carefully compact the soil at the bottom. In fact, to make an autonomous sewer for a private house with his own hands as easily as a septic tank. The most difficult - is to work with the soil.
The foundation will be much more reliable if the bottom is filled with concrete. Try when mounting pipes lay on a straight line. Cornering is not recommended. All joints must be treated with sealant. You can use liquid clay for this. Please note that when using pipes with a diameter of 50 mm, it is allowed to make a maximum length of no more than 5 m. If you use pipes of 100 mm, then the length of the straight section can be a maximum of 8 m. And note that all septic tanks must be placed at least in 10 m from the apartment building. Therefore, you need to choose pipes of larger diameter.
Construction of autonomous sewers independently
As in the case of septic tanks, you first need to choose the best place for mounting the tank. Then proceed with earthworks. In order to install the tank, you need to dig a pit. Its size should be about 30 cm more than the capacity. Please note that you can place the biofilter and septic tank in one pit.
After digging a pit, it is necessary to make trenches along which the highway will be laid. At the bottom of the pit, it is advisable to make a pillow over which to pour concrete. After the final hardening of the mortar, you can install a plastic or concrete container. To fix the structure at the bottom, it is recommended to use cables.
The next phase - installation sewage, as well as connection lines. It is necessary to think over the whole design scheme in advance. At the same stage, the biofilter blocks are filled. For this, you can use both expanded clay and absorbents. After installing the entire system, the trench must be filled up. The use of a cement-sand mixture, soil and sand is allowed.
It is recommended to alternate all these mixtures, as well as carefully tamp. It is recommended that the highway be first covered with sand, and then only with soil. The entire system can only be connected after a final check. As you can see, to perform the installation is not very difficult. And if you provide audit hole, then clean the drains in a private house with his own hands is not difficult. A large number of finished structures are on sale, so the manufacture of sewage is simplified many times.
A little bit about the cost of sewage
Of course, if we do the sewers in a private house with our own hands, then we can well use the services of experienced builders. But they will require a tidy sum for the work. The cost depends on such nuances:
- Are there particular during excavation. For example, whether to form a pit or trench need.
- Is there a need to install a system that will carry out soil cleaning.
- The cost of installing sewage per 1 m. On average, they charge from 35 rubles per linear meter.
- Do I need to install additional equipment.
- Is there a need for installation of additional structures for the removal of already purified water.
As a rule, during the construction of turnkey septic tanks, 2 to 3 people work. Installation of the structure is carried out manually, special heavy equipment is not necessary to use. As the owner of the site, this is at hand for you, as the landscape will not deteriorate. In addition, you will significantly save on excavation work. The options for sewer systems in private homes in the photo are given. Do it yourself, anyone can repeat such designs.