Art is a creative process of creating artistic images that reflect the real world in all its diversity. It is divided into individual types in accordance with the specifics of material embodiment. Different types of art perform, in fact, one noble task - they serve society.
Classification
Modern art literature offers a certain system of classification of types of creative activity. The most common scheme is a conditional division of art into three groups.
The first group combines spatial forms of art that are perceived visually:
- Arts and crafts.
- Art.
- Architecture.
- Art photography.
- Sculpture.
- Painting.
The second group includes temporary arts that have a certain dynamics or are stretched in time:
Since temporary forms of art can, under certain conditions, move into another category, this must be taken into account. In some cases, literature is synthesized with music (libretto).
The third group includes spatio-temporal forms of art that are perceived both visually and by ear:
- Choreography, ballet, musicals.
- Theatrical art.
- Literary works.
- Film art.
- Circus genres.
Why are certain types of art needed?
The existence of different types of art is explained by the fact that it is impossible to reproduce a comprehensive artistic picture in any particular way. After all, something will definitely remain behind the scenes. The whole picture can only be reflected with the involvement of all the artistic means of culture as a whole.
Spatial art
One of the most popular creative processes is arts and crafts.
The artistic value of products made from improvised materials is high if the crafts are made by genuine craftsmen.
Decorative and applied art is the creation of artistic household items, folklore exclusives from natural materials. Accepted use of wood, clay, stone and bone. In the manufacture of decorative products, a variety of technical techniques for processing material are used.
The process of creating applied art products is focused on the ethnic characteristics of a country or region. In the arts and crafts, as a rule, folk crafts representing local customs and traditions dominate. In Russia it is:
- Wood painting - Gorodets, Khokhloma, Fedoskinskaya, Polkhov-Maidan.
- Wooden carving - Abramtsevo-Kudrino, Bogorodskaya.
- Miniature painting - Palekh, Kholuy, Msters.
- Russian folk ceramics - Gzhel, Skopinskaya, Kargopol and Dymkovo toys.
- Lace weaving - Vologda, Mikhailovsky.
- Painting on the fabric - Pavlovo Posad shawls, capes, shawls.
- Art metal products - Velikoustizhskoe red silver, Zhostovo painting, Rostov enamel.
- Embroidery - Vladimir gold seamstress.
- Carving on a white bone - at least, Kholmogorsk, Tobolsk.
Sculpture is a visual, spatial art that reflects the world in artistic plastic images. The materials used to create the sculptures are marble, bronze, stone, wood. Recently, others have been used, such as concrete, steel. As well as plasticized materials. Particularly large sculptures are reinforced with metal rods in order to avoid breaks.
The sculpture can be of two types: volumetric 3D and relief.
Three-dimensional repeats all the given parameters and can be performed at any scale. Relief sculptures are divided into three types:
- high relief - high relief;
- bas-relief - medium or low relief;
- counter-relief - mortise.
Each type of sculpture has its own classification. It can be monumental, easel or decorative. Monumental is set in the streets and city squares. And also in places of historical importance. Monumental sculpture includes memorials and monuments. Easel sculptures are museum exhibits. As a rule, they are indoors. Decorative sculptural images can stand in residential buildings, on garden plots, in gazebos.
Architecture
The architecture appeared long before the birth of Christ and gradually began to acquire artistic features, while remaining a utilitarian structure. Architecture as a form of art has spread since the beginning of the 13th century. It was then that architects began to erect grandiose Gothic structures in Europe. Gothic today is considered one of the most interesting styles of historical significance. Architecture as an art form occupies one of the leading places in the list of cultural heritage of the planet. Moreover, its artistic value is undeniable.
Plastic spatial art
In the world of art disciplines, there are areas requiring classification. These include spatial forms of art with signs of plasticity. They are characterized by possible movement or transformation in a certain space. A masterpiece of architecture is considered plastic if it can be finalized, expanded, and also radically changed in terms of color scheme. All this applies only to modern achievements of architecture - historical architectural structures are inviolable. The possibility of artistic transformations of an already finished work of art classifies it as a plastic species. Similar criteria can be applied to other spatial patterns.
Theory and practice
However, signs of plasticity need not necessarily be confirmed by the possibility of any changes. For example, the art of painting does not need to be adjusted at all, and even more so in transformation. Already created canvases are finished works. Sculpture refers to plastic art. Since presumably can be changed for the better. But this feature is purely theoretical in nature and is used to determine the classification system of art forms. To the plastic species can be attributed any genre of artistic spatial creativity, except photography.
Literature
Spatial and temporal forms of art are the most popular and in demand in society. Let's consider them in more detail.
Literature is a form of art in which the main carrier of meaning, as well as a source of creative inspiration, is the word of art. A writer with sufficient fiction skills uses his gift to create textual works. Literature as a form of art can be divided into two categories:
Literary genres
- Lyrics are works of art, often in poetic form, reflecting a variety of human experiences, including love ones.
- Drama - literature that describes the events in the narrative presentation, usually a whole story or individual events from the lives of heroes.
- Tragedy is a work written in a dramatic genre, but with a deadly ending.
- Epos - an artistic narrative that reveals major historical events, exposition is possible both in verse and in prose.
- Novella is a genre of small narrative form.
- The novel is a large work, consisting of several parts, containing a description of the life of the main and secondary characters in a certain period.
- The story is a literary genre, less than a novel in volume and in the number of characters.
- The story is a small form of work with a description of events that occurred over a short period of time, more common and arbitrary in terms of composition compared to the short story.
Choreography and ballet
Another creative activity from the category of “spatial forms of art” is choreography. It consists of artistically meaningful poses and movements of the human body, organized in space and time. It is a centuries-old system. Dance must be combined with music. In this case, a musical-choreographic image is created.
At all times, the dance was associated with the life of a person, imitating certain events. And on stage, his mission was to show the public ballet art. In addition, dances are part of various ceremonies and rituals. This is especially common on the African continent and in Asian countries.
The types of art, examples of which are given in this article, are somehow connected with the global Russian culture and are called upon to bring it to the people.