Today in the Russian Federation there is a two-tier higher education, at the end of the first stage a person graduates with a bachelorās diploma, and the second - a masterās. A single-level education with qualification "specialist" is preserved only in a small number of specialties. Undergraduate education is a basic level, and training on it takes four years. Upon completion, a person is awarded a bachelorās diploma, which indicates that he has a higher education.
The principle of this level of education is practice-oriented training. The student receives fundamental knowledge in a certain basic direction and basic knowledge from other disciplines included in the program. Upon receiving a bachelorās diploma, a graduate gains the right to hold positions where higher professional education is required . Having such a diploma, a person receives the right to continue education to a master's degree.
The transition to a two-tier system is associated with joining the Bologna process, the purpose of which is to create a single educational space in Europe, expand the accessibility of higher education, and improve its quality. The accession of our country to the Bologna process gives domestic universities additional opportunities to participate in new projects, and for teachers and students in exchange programs with educational institutions in Europe.
In addition, such a higher education corresponds to the modern pace of technology updates, in which the training of specialized specialists in five to six years becomes uncompetitive and inappropriate. There is a high risk that over such a period the technology will change so much that the graduate will have a specialization that is no longer needed. A bachelorās diploma gives an opportunity, having received a higher education, to look around and choose the necessary specialization, corresponding to the requirements of the labor market prevailing at that time.
At the same time, everyone needs to understand that, according to world standards, a bachelor's degree is a full-fledged higher education. The basis of it is learning in a specific profile of training, which is a system of educational organization that provides in-depth study of disciplines in profile. At this time, the basis for further training is being created, depending on the personās life plans. The choice of profile is an important personal decision of the applicant, it provides an opportunity to obtain knowledge and skills in special disciplines upon completion of the study of professional disciplines. At the same time, the student manages to understand what abilities he has and what will be the best for his subsequent career and life in general.
In fairness, it is worth noting that for some time a bachelorās diploma in Russia will still be perceived as an
incomplete higher education. But this is just a stereotype associated with the transition period and a slight downgrade of the diploma of higher education in general. But the training system itself has nothing to do with it, the reason for this is a large number of dubious universities that proliferated abundantly in the 90s.