Today benign neoplasms are often found in gynecology, they are diagnosed in 15% of women of reproductive age. The reasons for the development of such a pathology as a cyst of the uterus can be various. The tumor itself does not pose a threat to human health or life, it does not affect the hormonal system, the course of pregnancy, and fetal development. A cyst almost never transforms into a cancerous tumor and does not spread to healthy tissues and organs, and also does not affect the menstrual cycle. But the danger is bacteria that accumulate in it, so this pathology requires effective therapy.
Description and description of the problem
The cyst of the uterus is a benign formation that forms when the glands of the cervix expand and clog, producing mucus, which as a result increases. Pathologies such as cervicitis and endocervicitis contribute to blockage of the glands.
A cyst is a yellow bubble filled with fluid. Due to cell division, the neoplasm is prone to growth. This pathology is often asymptomatic, therefore, it is detected in the late stages of development during a gynecological examination.
Some women do not know how cysts and uterine fibroids differ. Myoma also acts as a benign formation, but it has no cavity and is formed from the myometrium. It is also prone to growth, but never penetrates adjacent tissues.
A cyst can have different sizes, but it does not provoke the development of cancerous tumors, kyphoid follicles and does not affect the hormonal background of a woman.
Causes of Cysts
The exact causes of the development of pathology are difficult to establish. In medicine, it is customary to highlight factors that can trigger the formation of cysts:
- Ancestral activity in which the cervix was injured. The rapid healing of the wound can cause blockage of the glands due to the disruption of their functionality and the formation of tumors.
- Abortions that were unprofessional, causing a cyst to form as a complication.
- The period of menopause, in which the uterine membrane becomes thinner, the glands function is disrupted. All this leads to an increase in vulnerability and an acute response to any stimuli. The glands begin to produce a large amount of mucus, which clogs the ducts, contributing to the development of cysts.
- Infectious diseases, STDs. The inflammatory process contributes to the blockage of the ducts of the glands.
- The use of an intrauterine device. In this case, the risk of injury to the uterus increases.
- Disruption of the hormonal and endocrine systems.
- Inflammation of the uterus.
- The presence of congenital pseudo-erosion.
These phenomena cannot fully guarantee the development of pathology.
Nabotov cysts
In medicine, there are several varieties of cysts. Nabotova uterine cyst is a small-sized formation that is localized in the vaginal part of the uterus. This pathology got its name from the author Nabotov, who first described this problem. The causes of this disease are unknown. Some doctors are inclined to believe that the neoplasm is formed due to chronic inflammation of the genitourinary system, hormonal disorders and erosion. Such a disease is usually observed in women from twenty-five to forty-five years. It is characterized by blockage of the ducts of the glands by the epithelium, as a result of this, the iron increases, a large amount of mucus accumulates in it, which causes the development of the cyst. With an increase in the size of the neoplasm, surgical intervention is required.
Retention cyst
Retention cysts of the cervix arise as a result of inflammatory and infectious diseases, injuries during labor or abortion. The disease is asymptomatic and is diagnosed by chance. Often, pathology is congenital and can begin to develop in any age period with a violation of the activity of the endocrine and exocrine systems.
Retention cysts of the cervix are formed when the canal is blocked with a secret, scar or other foreign body, as a result of which the outflow of mucus is disturbed. Such a pathology can be of several types:
- Traumatic cysts develop as a result of damage and displacement of tissue.
- Parasitic cysts form as a complication of a parasitic disease.
- A tumor cyst develops with an abnormal development of the tumor process.
- Dysontogenetic cysts are formed due to congenital individual pathologies.
Endometrioid cyst and multiple neoplasms
Doctors secrete an endometrioid cyst into one of the varieties of the disease. It is formed during blockage and enlargement of the glands in the areas of the endometrium. The affected tissue periodically bleeds, a bloody fluid accumulates in the cyst, in which pathogenic bacteria often gather. Because of this, the color of the tumor becomes cyanotic.
Normally, endometrial cells multiply when a woman’s body prepares for fertilization. If this does not happen, they are rejected and excreted during menstruation. These cells are characterized by being prone to take root in other healthy tissues. When they grow to the cervix, they form a cyst.
Multiple cysts of the uterus are formed due to overflow of the anterior glands with epithelial scales, while no outflow is observed, as a result of which the glands increase in size. Such neoplasms can reach sizes up to eleven millimeters.
Symptoms of the disease
Uterine cysts, the symptoms and treatment of which are now under consideration, are usually diagnosed by chance. The disease usually does not show symptoms, does not affect the menstrual cycle, does not cause pain. Pathology is detected during a gynecological examination. It has the appearance of a white formation up to three millimeters in size. If a woman has an endometrioid cyst, small discharge of blood is possible two or three days before the onset of menstruation or after intercourse.
As the neoplasm grows, a woman can observe the manifestation of the following symptoms:
- intermenstrual bleeding;
- pain in the abdomen;
- pain during intercourse;
- discharge of any etiology from the vagina.
These symptoms are also characteristic of other diseases of an inflammatory, infectious and even oncological nature, therefore it is necessary to undergo examination by a gynecologist.
Complications and consequences
Many women are interested in the danger of a cyst on the uterus. Such a benign neoplasm in itself does not pose a threat to the health and life of a woman. It does not affect its hormonal background. The main danger in this case is the possible attachment of a secondary infection, which provokes the development of inflammatory processes such as endocervicitis and cervicitis, colpitis, endometritis, oophoritis or salpingitis. It is these diseases that often become the causes of the development of an ectopic pregnancy, as well as infertility. The cyst of the uterus and pregnancy can be incompatible only when the neoplasm is large, this phenomenon often provokes a narrowing of the cervical canal, which leads to mechanical infertility. After removing the growth, a woman can plan conception after a certain time. But all these factors cannot be considered as the main reasons for the development of complications. Usually cysts do not affect the course of pregnancy and fetal development. If this pathology is detected during the bearing of a child, its removal is postponed for a month and a half after the birth of the baby.
Survey methods
Pathology is usually detected during a gynecological examination. When a cyst of the uterus is revealed, what to do, the doctor will tell you after a full examination. To do this, a woman must take tests for STDs, for the presence of cancer cells, undergo ultrasound, colposcopy, and more. Diagnosis is carried out in order to determine the cause of the development of pathology, as well as the choice of treatment methods to avoid the development of relapse. For this, the doctor prescribes:
- microflora smear test;
- PCR to detect urogenital infections;
- colposcopy;
- cytological examination of a scraping from the cervix;
- IFA.
One of the important diagnostic methods in this case is ultrasound. It makes it possible to determine the change in the structure of the cervix, blood supply, to identify the size and location of the neoplasm, as well as its variety. This technique also makes it possible to detect other pathologies. Often this procedure helps the gynecologist to choose a method of treating the disease that will help completely get rid of the pathology and prevent the risk of relapse.
Therapy
Uterine cysts, the symptoms and treatment of which are described in this article, are usually removed. But some doctors tend to argue that therapy should be carried out using conservative methods. In each case, the doctor chooses the most appropriate method of therapy.
Single small tumors often require regular monitoring. If they begin to increase in size, then the doctor prescribes surgical removal of the uterine cyst.
With the use of effective therapy, the neoplasm will disappear without a trace, the functionality of the uterus will be restored, there will be no problems with intimate life, conception, bearing and giving birth to a child.
An endometrioid cyst develops due to a violation of the hormonal system, when the level of estrogen increases significantly. In this case, the treatment will be aimed at restoring the hormonal background. To do this, the doctor prescribes oral contraceptives with a low estrogen content, such as "Janine" or "Jess." Such treatment gives positive results at the initial stage of the development of pathology. With the progression of the disease, such therapy will not be effective. In this case, the appointment of progestins is possible, which contribute to the elimination of foci of endometriosis.
Uterine cyst: surgery
Removal of the neoplasm takes place on an outpatient basis. The operation is prescribed in the first half of the menstrual cycle. A gynecologist punctures each cyst, removes the accumulated fluid. The neoplasm is treated with a special solution so that the cyst does not begin to develop again. Three hours later, a woman can go home.
Usually after surgery there are no complications. A woman can only feel a slight pain in the abdomen, which subsides after two days, and there is also a small discharge of blood that goes away for seven days. Ten days after surgery, a woman is prescribed vaginal suppositories. And a month later they are invited to a scheduled inspection.
Surgical methods
Removal of the neoplasm can also be carried out using one of the following methods:
- Moxibustion.
- Radio wave therapy is prescribed for women of reproductive age who are planning a future conception.
- Laser Therapy
- Cryo-freezing.
Which method of surgical intervention will be chosen depends on the individual characteristics of the woman’s body and her age, as well as the size and type of neoplasm.
Forecast
The prognosis of the uterine cyst is favorable. When a secondary infection is attached, various gynecological diseases of an inflammatory nature may develop, which can provoke the development of infertility. But usually this does not come to this, as modern medicine has many methods of treating this pathology.
Prevention
Prevention of the disease should consist in the timely detection and treatment of STDs, hormonal system disorders, compliance with hygiene rules, sexual intercourse with one regular partner. It is also important to periodically (once a year) undergo examinations by a gynecologist with the aim of early detection of the disease and its therapy. A woman should avoid abortion and plan pregnancy, eat right, eating foods high in selenium and vitamins, as well as get rid of bad habits and frequent exposure to direct sunlight.