The car for the national economy and industry, the UAZ 300 is a new post-war truck, produced by the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant in 1949, as an experienced and promising model. He was distinguished from other Soviet colleagues by the interesting and neat design of the cabin, the original shape and placement of the wings and hood.
General information
Otherwise, the vehicle was equipped with parts produced at that time by the Soviet automobile industry. As a result, the truck of the new formation was equipped with a gasoline four-cylinder power unit with a capacity of 50 horsepower and a four-speed gearbox inherited from GAZ.
Historical facts
After the war, industrialization was actively carried out in the USSR, automobiles were needed to transport various goods, components for the construction of plants, roads and industrial facilities. For transportation of goods from 0.5 to 1 ton, there were no suitable domestic machines. It was this niche that the UAZ 300 should have occupied. A whole design team was engaged in the development of the car, in which everyone was responsible for a particular system or assembly.
In order to speed up the process of creating a light truck, it was decided to equip it with some parts from existing production cars. As a result, the car was equipped with an engine from the Pobeda passenger car, and the suspension went from the truck of the Yaroslavl YAZ-200 plant.
The Ulyanovsk plant lacked high-precision equipment, allowing one hundred percent to realize the interesting ideas of the UAZ 300 developers. For this reason, the complete gearbox was manufactured at the factory in Gorky. The first pancake came out lumpy, because due to the haste of putting the object on time, neither the manufacturers of the checkpoint nor the workers in Ulyanovsk found shavings in the gearbox. As a result, it jammed, I had to remove and sort the knot. The second test was more successful, and on November 7, 49-year-old handsome new generation went to the demonstration.
Main characteristics
UAZ 300, a truck that never went into mass production. The design team was disbanded, and the plant began to produce other cars. The car had a streamlined hood and radiator lining, the wings were appropriately combined with an all-metal cabin of the GAZ-51 type, which replaced the wooden variation of the GAZ-MM.
Main technical specifications:
- The power plant is a four-cylinder gasoline engine, in-line, carbureted.
- The power of UAZ 300 (hp) is 50.
- The gear shift is a four-speed manual.
- Suspension assembly - front and rear spring type.
- Carrying capacity (t) - up to 1.5.
- Mass (t) - 1.
- Type of fuel - A-66 gasoline.
- Wheels - front and rear single-wheel type.
In total, six models were presented for public viewing, the first two of which were presented on the anniversaries of the November revolution.
Modifications
The predecessor of the UAZ 300, the characteristic of which allows it to be assigned to light trucks, can be considered an experimental model ULZIS NATI-253. This vehicle was developed in 1944. A truck was created and prepared for release according to an agreement concluded by the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant and the American concern General Motors.
The car was equipped with a 83-horsepower two-stroke diesel engine. The prototype should have favorably differed not only in the design of the cockpit, hood and wings, but also in a more modern layout. In fact, the vast majority of units and parts were simply borrowed from foreign counterparts, a small part of the spare parts was produced at the NATI plant.
Soon after the release of the first UAZ 300, a modification was developed under the index 302. Its carrying capacity was 1.5 tons. Also, the car was equipped with a reinforced frame and gable rear wheels. Despite the successful test of both variations, the plant did not have enough production capacity to launch these trucks in series.
Test Drive
The UAZ 300 truck first passed road tests at the end of 1950, together with its heavier “brother” under the index 302. Both models showed excellent performance in various respects. Not far behind them was the third variation - GAZ-MM. All modifications of the test passed with dignity. The following year, grandiose plans were built to complete the final refinement of the machines.
But far-reaching ideas were not destined to come true. In order No. 297 of 07/03/1951 it was noted that the design department should be disbanded. The Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union issued a decree according to which the Ulyanovsk plant reoriented to the production of radar stations.
It was not fate for the car in question to become a serial unit. Regarding the plant itself, after some period he again returned to the production of cars (in 1954). But now it has become a completely different development. Among them, a special place is occupied by representatives of the GAZ-69 brand.
Design team
The development team was led by chief designer M. I. Kozakov. Each engineer was responsible for the design and development of a particular unit or circuit. For example, I.F.Safinov was responsible for the construction of the brake unit, the steering was controlled by engineer V.A. Lisov. Two developers worked simultaneously on the general layout: I. Kh. Pakhter and V. S. Menshov.
The designers of the UAZ 300, whose engine came from the Victory serial car, wanted to create a unique truck that was different from other analogues. For this, a model was made at the Gorky Automobile Plant at its discretion. However, they nevertheless assumed the external appearance proposed by the Ulyanovsk employees: Ermilov, Bogdanovich, Starostin and Khlipkov. After the approval of the project, the design team and the factory workers faced the task in the spirit of the Soviet era - to make a car for the celebration of the day of the revolution.
Completion
Despite the difficult post-war time, automotive designers found ways and delights in developing new cars. Moreover, at that time it turned out well for them. Another thing is that there were not enough original spare parts and production capacities, in connection with which, many projects were closed or frozen.
The developers were faced with the task of updating and modernizing the standard "one and a half", and they coped with their task perfectly, given the available capabilities. If we compare the capacity of the UAZ 300 (hp. In 50 units), it can be noted that cargoes of the order of 1000-1200 kilograms were available on such a truck, and up to one and a half tons on the advanced version of the UAZ 302. Serial production of these models could make a significant contribution to the development of the national economy, but this did not happen.