The Bologna system was conceived at the end of the last century as a consonant response to globalization in the field of education. By that time, the preconditions for creating a unified financial, economic, and in Europe and political space were already outlined in the world, so the need for unity in the educational sphere was brewing.
The variegation and fragmentation of the higher education system at that time prevented the unity of one part of the Old World, and the model of the new Europe assumed the unimpeded movement of both labor and capital and goods, which, in turn, required the comparability and standard of diplomas.
That is why the Bologna system was created, under which standards were also drawn up for higher education of a new generation, in particular, for two-level education: in undergraduate and graduate programs.
Entering a university in such a system, a student, having studied for one or two semesters in one country, will be able to go on to continue his studies in another, without harming his education. To do this, an updated European common scale of credit units was needed. And therefore, a single standard was introduced: “loans”, with the help of which the degree of complexity of the subject is assessed, and the application issued with the diploma describes in detail the education he received. Each year of study corresponds to 60 credits.
The Bologna system assumes a clear unification of all student documents that confirm the quality and level of acquired knowledge. It is these measures that will ensure the employment of European citizens who have received higher education, as well as increase their competitiveness at the international level.
It has been established that bachelor's graduates will form the bulk of workers in a wide field of professional activity, and master's degrees will form the intellectual elite, owning narrow-profile knowledge of specific professions. In addition, the Bologna system allows you to combine the knowledge gained. For example, a student may be a bachelor in one specialty, and a master’s degree in another, which will put an end to the system of paid second education, which was practiced until recently.
The Bologna system of education in Russia has given many advantages that will positively affect the national, individual and university levels. Today, our country, as a full member of the process, can already more actively influence European university education.
Another important benefit that the Bologna system brought with it was the propaganda of Russian culture. Now a much larger number of Europeans have the opportunity to study the Russian language, get acquainted with the traditions of Russian higher education.
Without a doubt, the prestige of Russian universities has grown, which are now guaranteed to send their students for a semester, or even for the whole academic year, to study at European partner universities, their attractiveness for applicants has also increased.
By sending their faculty to foreign educational institutions for teaching, universities have the opportunity to really improve the skills of their teachers.
Very soon, the quality of our teachers or students in foreign languages will be significantly improved, which will open for them access to the originals, and not to foreign translated publications, and not only to professional, journalistic and literary ones.
However, by signing the Bologna Declaration of 2003, our country set an equation for Russian science that has many unknowns. First of all, it is an opportunity to preserve the traditions of our fundamental science, known to the whole world, and secondly, the uncertainty regarding the candidates of sciences that are not foreseen in the Bologna model of education , as well as the fear that newly-minted bachelor's graduates will become a commonplace filling the niches of today's working specialties that are currently in short supply.