Most brick kilns used for the home have basically the same design and manufacturing technology. Therefore, no matter what type of brick oven you choose, you must adhere to certain rules and requirements for its manufacture. This applies to the place of its installation, and to the material used during installation, but, most importantly, to the technology of laying bricks.
Choose a place where the stove will stand
First of all, it is necessary to determine the place for the stove. It should be installed in such a position that not only heat the maximum possible area, it is necessary to comply with safety rules.
Between the rafter and the chimney, a clearance of at least 15 cm must be observed. In addition, strongly heated parts of the stove must also be removed from the walls, ceiling and other fire hazardous elements.
There are several basic schemes for small rooms, how you can place different types of stoves. As a rule, a brick stove for a house, the projects of which provide for location in such a way as to heat as many rooms as possible, is placed at the junction of two or three rooms, and one of them is a kitchen. The only exception is the fireplace stove, which is usually installed in the largest room, on the wall opposite the entrance.
Security requirements for the installation site
Due to the fact that the brick oven for the house is installed on the foundation, specially filled for it, it is necessary to choose a place in such a way that it does not have to cut ceiling and underground logs. A separate foundation, not connected with the foundation of the house, is required in almost all cases, even if the stove was designed with the house.
An exception can be made only for certain types of furnaces having a small structural weight. For example, a low and wide brick cooking stove for a house, the projects of which involve the use of a minimum amount of material, is installed only on thermal insulation.
If the floor is on logs, it’s good to strengthen the flooring with additional jumpers before installing the stove. In the event that a monolithic foundation is laid under the house, then an additional base is optional, it is enough to lay the litter and you can lay out the brick.
The pipe should be at least 1.5 m from the ridge of the roof and be 0.5 m higher.
When the place is determined, you can lay out the perimeter of bricks on the floor for a better idea of how it will look in the future.
Foundation
As a rule, a brick oven for a house, folded with its own hands, is used in wooden houses installed on strip or rubble foundations. In this case, the implementation of a full-fledged reinforced concrete or, if it is planned to bake on trenches, tape clogged foundation is required.
After the place on which the stove for the house from the brick will stand is determined, it is necessary to fulfill the foundation. The reliability and uniformity of the masonry, as well as the appearance of the future furnace, depend on how well it is filled. Therefore, pouring the base should be approached with due attention.
The foundation is poured 5 cm wider on all sides than the future furnace, according to the general technology for the manufacture of foundations. If modern materials are used, for example, Izospan D, it is enough to lay two layers of waterproofing: on a sand cushion under the base and on top of the foundation itself. Another way to carry out waterproofing: sheets of asbestos 4-6 cm high are placed on top of the roofing sheet of roofing material. Then, roofing iron and, as a last layer, felt, soaked in a very liquid masonry composition. After drying the felt, you can lay bricks.
Basic rules for laying a brick oven
If you want to fold the stove so that it lasts as long as possible, without requiring repair, and even more so shifting, it is necessary to comply with some requirements for the materials used and the laying technology.
The brick-built stove for the house, built with its own hands, heats up throughout the body quite unevenly. Especially high temperatures in the furnace area, which is due to the use of various masonry materials. Firstly, this will save on raw materials, as for some parts of the furnace you can use cheaper material. Secondly, the use of clay-sand mixture throughout the entire body of the furnace is unreasonable. Such a solution has the peculiarity of strongly absorbing moisture, which leads to the destruction of masonry in places that are not exposed to heat and drying.
Brick Masonry Requirements
When choosing a brick, pay attention to its quality, which can be determined even visually. A good, high-quality brick is distinguished by a pinkish tint and a clear sonorous sound. You should not choose an orange-red material for laying a brick oven for a house from a brick (photo below) - this is an unburnt raw material, but the purple hue indicates a burnt brick.
The first rows of the underfloor part are laid out of ordinary red brick with a cement-based mortar.
The furnace and part of the convector at the places of greatest heating are made of mixed masonry of ordinary kiln and fireclay bricks. In this case, a clay-sand solution is used.
Part of the furnace, which is also heated, but not higher than 200 degrees, will be performed, albeit with the use of ceramic bricks, but already on a cement mixture.
In the upper part of the chimney, where the heating temperature does not exceed 80 degrees, the usual red brick is again used.
Varieties of brick kilns
There are several main types of stoves:
- heating, designed exclusively for heating the room, so it takes a minimum of usable area;
- a cooker, designed only for heating the stove, such a stove can be used even in the summer, as it does not greatly heat the surrounding air;
- Heating and cooking, combining the characteristics of the two previous types. The most common option in the manufacture of a stove for a house from a brick (photo below);
- a fireplace stove, which is used not only for the purpose of heating the premises, but also as a decorative element for the interior of the room.
Heating or Dutch stove
The design of a brick stove for the house, the drawings for which are given below, is the most simple, due to the minimum of structural elements in its manufacture. In addition, such a furnace involves the lowest fuel consumption.
One of the main advantages is the ability to fit it into almost any room. At the same time, a similar brick oven for a home warms up quite quickly, in just 1.5-2 hours, however, and cools down pretty soon in comparison with other types of stoves.
Among the shortcomings, a rather low coefficient of performance is less than 40%. In addition, in order to integrate a water heater into it, you will have to thoroughly smash your head. The problem is that the flow of hot air that moves in the furnace cannot be disturbed by the inclusion of additional elements. This leads, firstly, to a large decrease in efficiency, and secondly, to the appearance of a large amount of soot.
Cooking stoves
"Cooking" does not mean at all that this stove is not able to heat housing, with a room of up to 50 square meters. m she can handle it. However, its main function is still cooking, so the main heat is spent on heating a thick cast-iron stove with two rings. Cast iron is used to increase heat transfer.
The main advantage of such an oven is the ability to cook in an area where there are frequent interruptions in electricity, moreover, on a live fire, any food is much tastier. It is advantageous to install such a brick oven for the house, on wood, and for preparing feed for cattle and poultry, steaming cereals and drying dried fruits. In addition, the design of the furnace involves the use of it in the summer, when excessive heat in the house is not necessary.
The disadvantage of a cooking stove is that it is unrealistic to use it for proper heating in the winter. Even if you increase the overall dimensions of the device, this will not increase its effectiveness. Therefore, as an alternative, the generally accepted option is used, which combines the advantages of both types, while successfully compensating for their disadvantages.
Heating and cooking stoves
The most preferred option for permanent housing are heating and cooking brick stoves for the house, combining all the functions of these devices. In addition, such stoves can be easily oriented in the room to obtain the most efficient heating of the home, and the standard set of basic characteristics can be supplemented with an oven, a niche for drying, a sunbed and a water tank. It all depends on the design of the heating and cooking stove that you choose.
For heating in such furnaces, a channel or bell design is used, each of which has its own advantages. A brick oven for a home, on wood, warms up the room faster, while a bell-type furnace allows you to maintain the optimum temperature for a long time. Therefore, for a residential building, it is better to use an option that combines these two designs.
Traditional russian stove
The most common is a Russian stove, which can be used in two different modes. In the summer, it is used exclusively for the cooking process, due to the fact that the heating channels are closed by an additional damper and the hot gas goes directly into the chimney. In winter, the shutter is opened, which ensures heating of the room. As a rule, an oven is built into the Russian stove, which is a kind of additional heat accumulator.
Often, a sunbed with heating is additionally attached to the stove for a house made of brick through the use of hoods, which are performed without loss of efficiency of the entire device.
The disadvantage of the Russian stove is mainly its rather impressive dimensions due to the removal of the hob separately from the body.
Swedish oven
Another variant of cooking stoves. This is a more compact device in which the hob is hidden in a recess. In addition, there is a special niche above the stove for drying various herbs, berries and other products.
As they also call such brick ovens for the house - “Swede”. Such a device has many advantages in comparison with other stoves. Due to its design, the device has the highest coefficient of efficiency - more than 60%, since the heating channels go to the entire brick oven for the house. Reviews using such a stove note that with small dimensions such a design is able to heat up to 70 square meters of living space.
It is also possible to use it in different operating modes, while the possibility of smoke due to the design features of the chimney is virtually eliminated. In addition, a similar stove can be combined with a fireplace, when both devices will use the same chimney. If you place this design on the border of the living room and kitchen, then in the working room you will get a real stove with all the necessary attributes, and in the living room there is a cozy fireplace.
Fireplace stove
The advantages of a fireplace stove are not even worth describing. Of course, you can’t cook borsch or meatballs on it, but one type of open live fire can transform the whole look of even the most ordinary housing. In addition, it copes with the function of heating the room, and the fireplace will quickly warm up from the cold.
This design has two furnaces - open and closed, which allows you to heat the room in two modes. You can use the fireplace only from time to time, and in most cases use a regular closed firebox.
Such stoves for a house made of bricks with the right structural solution can take up very little space and have little weight, so in most cases it is not necessary for them to carry out a separate foundation. In addition, fireplaces have the ability to use not only wood and coal as fuel, but also various briquettes, which increases their efficiency.