Building a perspective is a way to create the illusion of space on a flat surface of a sheet. This method is used to realistic image of the subject. A perspective happens: panoramic, linear, aerial, spherical, axonometry, linear. The main goal of creating a panorama is to show as much space as possible, because it is usually very elongated horizontally. This view is used to depict battle scenes, in museums, and other places where you need to recreate the atmosphere of a certain place. The spherical type of image distorts objects very much; when it is built, they bend in an arc. Axonometry is one of the methods for constructing a perspective, when all the lines go in parallel, due to which there is a distortion of the image object. It is known to all students from the drawing course.
Features aerial perspective
An aerial perspective is used to create the illusion of space by manipulating various shades. Often she is involved in a tandem with one of the forms, to create a convincing illusion. Building a linear perspective is a way, using lines, to create the illusion of a three-dimensional object on a 2D surface. In a drawing, two linear construction methods are most often used:
The basis of these two species is the line. Their main difference is in the number of so-called vanishing points - places where all lines tend to.
What is angular perspective?
Angular is called a linear perspective view with two vanishing points. Building a perspective point begins with the definition of the horizon line. This line theoretically represents the face that separates the sky from the earth. However, in many figures, it is simply implied and represents a line of sight, which depends on the location of the observer.
Once the conditional horizon has been created, the vanishing points are found in the next step. They are defined as a place on the horizon where objects begin to disappear from the field of view of the observer as they move away from him. A good way to imagine what it is to get on straight rail and look into the distance. Gradually parallel lines will come closer to each other until they touch at one point.
Skyline vanishing points
In an angular perspective, two vanishing points are located on the horizon. They must be at the correct distance from each other to prevent distortion of the object. Both points are not necessarily within the picture plane, but they will be located on the horizon line, which continues on the picture plane in both directions. The next step in building a three-dimensional image is to determine the angle of view. To do this, draw a vertical line perpendicular to the horizon line. Most often, angular perspective is used to visualize buildings or interiors. Therefore, this line can coincide with the angle of the structure itself. It must be noted on the height of the object.
If we are talking about building the room’s perspective, the footage is applied to the vertical, and depending on the ceiling height, the necessary points are marked - above and below. Next, from each point of view, you need to draw lines connecting them with vanishing points. They are called orthogonal. Any set of parallel lines that extend away from the viewer will follow along them from one vanishing point. Parallel verticals are height limiters. The farther they are located in space from the vanishing point on both sides, the longer they become.
Skyline
When an object is placed so that it overlaps the horizon line, when building a perspective, no visual additions are needed to determine the general shape of the object. However, it is important to note that such lines do exist. They are visible when the subject is above the horizon, or below it. For the object located below, all construction steps remain the same, but its upper part will be better visible. For an object located above, the lower part of the form becomes more visible to the viewer. That is, in the first case, the buildings stand out the roof, and in the second - the walls.
Direct linear perspective and its features
Direct perspective is a variation of linear perspective. This construction method uses a single vanishing point. One point of view assumes that the viewer is in a certain place and that there is a real or theoretical horizon line. A single-point perspective is not limited to basic forms and structures. It can also be used to image the interior. In this case, the horizon level is also determined, although it most likely will not be visible in the finished drawing. In an angular perspective, the object is rotated so that the viewer can see its two sides. The direct perspective also has another name - the frontal one. In this case, the observer can see the front view of objects in the form of flat geometric shapes.