Any pathology in the oral cavity should not be ignored. A lump on the gum is a dangerous sign that may indicate a rapid development of infection in the body. If at the same time a person feels bad, it is in no case possible to postpone a visit to the doctor.
Hematoma after tooth extraction
Tooth extraction is the most common surgical procedure in dentistry. Statistics indicate that only in 70% of cases the treatment goes without complications. If the patient asked for help too late or there are chronic diseases, problems can arise after tooth extraction. A hard lump on the gum is a common occurrence after surgery. This is a hematoma.
Especially often, troubles appear after the removal of complex teeth with long roots. Often, the dentist cuts the gum. This is the only way to get all the elements of the molar. As a result, soft tissues become inflamed, bruising is observed. The appearance of a hematoma can be accompanied by a general deterioration in well-being. Subfebrile temperature often appears. After surgery, the doctor prescribes antibacterial drugs to prevent the development of infection.
A serious complication after tooth extraction is limited osteomyelitis. A white bump appears on the gum. In this case, the patient complains of severe pain and bad breath. Purulent inflammatory process begins to capture the elements of the jawbone. The disease can develop against a background of reduced immunity. Often, pathology is faced by people suffering from alcohol or drug addiction.
Treating osteomyelitis is a complex process. Complex therapy helps to achieve a good result. First of all, it is necessary to remove the primary purulent focus. Often, after tooth extraction, another surgical intervention is required. Additionally, massive antibacterial therapy is prescribed.
Epulis
If a lump appears on the gum, it is possible that it was necessary to encounter a tumor-like formation. Epulis is a benign gum tumor that develops due to local irritating factors. Most often, unpleasant symptoms begin to develop in the area of fangs or chewing teeth.
Most often, epulis is a consequence of regular injury to the gums of the destroyed tooth walls. Also, a bump on the gum above the tooth may appear in the holders of prostheses or poor-quality crowns. As a result, a chronic inflammatory process develops. To a greater extent, the development of pathology is predisposed to people with malocclusion, pathological narrowing of the dentition. Disruption of the hormonal background will also contribute to the appearance of a neoplasm.
The bump on the gum of the tooth can have a different shape. The most common is fibromatous epulis. Such a formation grows rather slowly. At the initial stage, there are no unpleasant symptoms. Pain appears if the bump becomes inflamed.
Angiomatous epulis has a loose structure. The bump bleeds even with minor damage. This is due to the large number of blood vessels in the formation itself.
Giant cell epulis is the most unpleasant kind of pathological process. The tumor is growing rapidly, although it does not cause discomfort. A bump can reach impressive sizes, contribute to changing the patient's appearance.
Epulis treatment
The doctor can make a preliminary diagnosis based on the examination and complaints of the patient. Of great importance is the histological examination of the neoplasm itself. The surface of the epulis can be smooth or folded. If there is a white bump on the gum, an x-ray of the tooth can be additionally prescribed.
The first task in the treatment of epulis is to eliminate local irritating factors. The specialist evaluates the condition of the teeth, treat tooth decay, changes dental crowns and dentures. Be sure to isolate the protruding elements of the dentition. With a fibromatous form of epulis, such treatment may be sufficient. Often, after eliminating irritating factors, the lump on the gum disappears on its own within a few months.
Special treatment requires a giant cell form of the disease. The removal of cones on the gums under local anesthesia is performed. Together with the neoplasm, a part of the periosteum is excised. Such measures are necessary in order to prevent the reappearance of the tumor.
Gingivitis
If a lump on the gum is inflated, most likely pathogenic microflora develops in the oral cavity. Gingivitis is a dangerous disease that can lead to tooth loss. The inflammatory process of the mucous membrane of the gums is accompanied by several unpleasant symptoms. The mucous membrane begins to redden and swell. If bacterial microflora is present, purulent discharge may appear. A white cone is a cyst that forms as a result of accumulation of exudate under the thin membrane of the gum mucosa.
The main cause of the disease is sticky plaque, which accumulates in the gum pockets. If you do not remove it in a timely manner, it serves as an excellent environment for the development of pathogenic microflora. Most often, people who have insufficient attention to oral hygiene come across gingivitis.
A lump on the gum may appear in women who have been taking hormonal contraceptives for a long time. Such drugs contribute to a change in the microflora of the oral cavity. As a result, pathogenic viruses, bacteria and fungi begin to multiply rapidly. Side effects in the form of gum disease can also occur with prolonged antibiotic therapy.
In babies, a lump on the gum may appear on the background of teething. In this case, gingivitis develops due to trauma to the soft tissues. The situation is exacerbated by reduced immunity, a lack of vitamin C. In children who eat improperly, the risk of developing a pathological process increases.
The impact of external physical factors is also important. A lump on the gum may appear after drinking too hot a drink or damaging the gums with a hard or sharp object (fish bone).
Gingivitis Treatment
The disease can be easily diagnosed with visual as well as instrumental examination in the dental office. However, it is important to find out the exact cause of the pathological process. The doctor interrogates the patient, clarifies when a lump appeared on the gum, how the patient conducts oral hygiene. In some cases, the patient additionally needs to visit a periodontist.
With gingivitis, it is enough to conduct high-quality local therapy. First of all, professional oral hygiene is performed, tartar is removed, as well as plaque from inaccessible places. Medicines are prescribed that stimulate the body's defenses. To eliminate the focus of infection, antiseptic rinses are used. At home, you can use ordinary soda.
Of great importance is the prevention of gingivitis. Patients should brush their teeth correctly, change the brush monthly. Once a year it is worthwhile to carry out professional toothbrushing, remove stones. Paying attention is also worth the immune system. Any diseases of the internal organs can lead to the development of pathologies in the oral cavity.
Dental granuloma
A cyst on the root of the tooth can lead to bumps on the gum. An X-ray photo of the pathological process can be seen below. Dental granuloma is a limited periodontal inflammation that cannot be ignored. Untimely therapy can lead to the development of dangerous complications that threaten the patient's life.
The granuloma may have a different arrangement with respect to the root. In this case, at the initial stage of the disease, there are practically no symptoms. If a lump appears on the gum, this indicates that the inflammatory process is already very running. The cyst gradually begins to increase in size. A fistula appears on the gum, through which purulent masses are secreted. Granuloma is the focus of infection in the body. Therapy of the disease should be carried out immediately.
In most cases, the pathological process develops as a complication of pulpitis. The patient suffers pain for several days, uses analgesics. After some time, the pulp dies, and the patient never goes to the dentist. After a few months, a lump appears on the gum, a cyst develops. Chronic diseases, hypothermia, decreased immunity against the background of stressful situations are also provoking factors of the development of the pathological process.
The rapid growth of the cyst can provoke the destruction of the tooth root. If the patient later seeks help, the incisor or molar must be removed. In the most difficult cases, bone tissue is involved in the inflammatory process, jaw osteomyelitis develops.
Granuloma is a chronic focus of infection. Its complications can go far beyond dentistry. Gastritis, chronic colds, pneumonia - all this can be triggered by untimely treated pulpitis.
Treatment and prevention of tooth root cysts
A few decades ago, when a diagnosis of "granuloma" was made, the tooth had to be removed. Today, timely appeal for help makes it possible to fully preserve the molar. After examining the patient, the doctor decides to conduct surgery or conservative therapy. New technologies allow you to remove only the diseased root. In this case, the tooth continues to grow.
In the early stages, granuloma can be cured using drugs. The specialist eliminates the focus of infection, conducts antibiotic therapy. Then the granuloma cavity is filled with filling material. Access to the cyst is through the channels of the tooth itself.
If a vertical crack has appeared on the root, unfortunately, it is impossible to save the tooth. In this case, the molar is removed. After some time, an implant or bridge is installed in its place.
Periodontitis
If there is a lump on the gum, what should I do? First of all, you need to see a dentist. Often the formation on the gum indicates the development of periodontitis - inflammation of the connective tissue of the tooth. In the most complex cases, the pathological process also extends to bone tissue. There is a serious risk of complications. Over time, the ligament holding the tooth is affected. As a result, the cutter becomes movable. Periodontitis is a common cause of the loss of healthy teeth.
Very often, the disease is almost asymptomatic. Only when a lump appears on the gum and a tooth ache does the patient seek help. But the inflammatory process is already running. Irreversible changes sometimes occur. A large cavity (cyst) forms in the gum. If timely treatment is not given, dangerous complications will develop.
Poor root canal treatment is another common cause of periodontitis. After filling, the patient complains of prolonged aching pain. On the x-ray, fragments of instruments left in the canal, pieces of a decayed tooth, etc. can be seen. Such teeth are most often to be removed.
Periodontitis Therapy
The tactics of treatment are selected in accordance with the manifestation of the pathological process. In a medical institution, sanitation of chronic foci of infection is performed. If pus is present, antibiotics are prescribed. In the most difficult cases, surgical intervention cannot be dispensed with. Patient teeth are removed. Sometimes it is enough to perform a resection of the root with a granuloma.
Good results can be achieved through the use of special pastes that contribute to the elimination of the inflammatory process, the regeneration of soft and bone tissue. Oral care products are selected individually for each patient.
Cones on the gum most often appear in acute apical periodontitis. In this case, the therapy is carried out in several stages. The specialist opens the tooth cavity, removes the accumulated exudate, treats the affected area with an antiseptic. As a rule, almost immediately after performing such manipulations, the toothache stops. The lump on the gum does not appear again.
Turunda with a treating substance can be installed in the tooth cavity for several days. The tool is fixed with a temporary seal. After 2-3 days, the canals are cleaned, the final filling of the tooth.
It should be borne in mind that after a periodontitis, any hypothermia or injury can lead to relapse. Therefore, it is worth paying special attention to your health. Vitamin therapy will not be superfluous. The dentist will prescribe a high-quality multivitamin complex.
Summarize
A lump on the gum is a dangerous symptom that should not be ignored. If purulent discharge and severe pain appear, consult a doctor immediately. It is worth remembering that any focus of infection in the mouth can lead to the development of dangerous complications concerning not only dentistry, but also other body systems.