The fuel pump (VAZ-2110) is the main structural element of the fuel system of a gasoline ICE, which performs the function of supplying fuel to nozzles or a carburetor under high pressure.
Depending on the type of drive, electrical and mechanical units are produced. And today we will consider the device of this part using the example of an element installed on the VAZ “ten”.
VAZ-2110 mechanical fuel pump - specifications and design
This type of mechanism is used exclusively on vehicles with carburetor engines. Such a fuel pump VAZ-2110 has its own mechanical drive from the camshaft, and it is located on the engine.
By its design, this element is one of the varieties of the piston and includes the following details:
- Two-piece housing with lid on top.
- Diaphragm. It is installed between the lower and upper parts of the housing.
- Return spring.
- Stock. It is rigidly connected to the diaphragm.
- Discharge and suction valve. It is located at the top of the pump.
- Mechanical drive.
- Strainer
The drive of this device, as we said earlier, is carried out by a cam cam. When this element rotates, the part moves down the stem with the diaphragm, while the spring force is overcome. The volume of space above it increases, and gasoline, due to the resulting vacuum, penetrates the pump through a separate valve from the gas tank. The discharge valve is closed.
The main working mechanism of the pump is the diaphragm. It consists of two membranes, each of which has its own gasket. The diaphragm connects to the stem. The latter interacts with parts of a mechanical drive. There are different pump drive schemes. For example, on domestic “tens” a design is used, which consists of a pusher and a lever with a balancer. On foreign cars, their own technology is applied with a two-arm “rocker”.
VAZ-2110 fuel pump - specifications
The main characteristics of this device are the pressure level and dimensions of the housing. The most popular units today are German-made Bosch units. The pressure of the VAZ-2110 fuel pump is about 2.8-3.8 bar. The very characteristic of the gasoline pump is rarely determined by the diameter of the body, most often this is the length.
The dimensions of this part can be very diverse. Depending on the model and brand of the manufacturer, this parameter is 65, 90 or 105 millimeters. And this is far from all the sizes of VAZ fuel pumps.
In addition to length, these devices differ in the arrangement of chips for the terminals. The very same mesh in its seats practically does not differ in brand. By the way, the quality of work at a low level of fuel in the tank depends on the length of the gasoline pump. That is, when choosing, you need to pay attention to longer elements. By the way, the diameter of the body can be varied using gaskets made of gas-resistant rubber.
Electrical analogues
What is so special about this fuel pump? VAZ-2110 (injector) is equipped with just such devices in the fuel system. The electric pump is used on gasoline engines with distributed fuel injection. In turbo-diesel and just diesel engines, this element is used in the reduced pressure circuit for preliminary driving of fuel to the high pressure pump. By the way, the same principle operates electric pumps on gasoline engines with direct fuel injection "Common Rail". The electrical mechanism creates a pressure of the order of 0.3 MPa (in power plants with direct injection, of the order of 0.7 MPa). The use of mechanical pumps in such systems is not recommended due to the low pressure when supplying gasoline.
Where is he located?
And this unit is located in the fuel line or in the fuel tank. Thanks to this arrangement, the risk of losses due to the absence of suction lines is significantly reduced.
The design of the electric pump requires the following elements:
- Electric motor
- A pump housed in a metal housing.
In other words, this unit consists of an electric drive and a pump part. All its components are in direct contact with the fuel. In addition to the above items, the module of this unit also includes a fuel flow sensor, a fuel intake and a strainer.
And the part we are considering acts due to the presence of two valves - a check valve and a reduction valve. The first locks the system when the engine stops. The second performs the function of supporting the pressure in the system, while part of the fuel is transferred to the inlet back.
By design, several types of electric pumps are distinguished:
- Roller.
- Gears.
- Centrifugal.
Roller
This unit sucks in gasoline and pumps it due to the rotor and the movement of special rollers. When the space between the two parts increases, a vacuum is created. Thanks to this, fuel fills all the empty space. When it is full, the gas supply stops. As the rotor rotates, this space gradually decreases, and at some point the inlet opens. Fuel leaves the pump under pressure.
Gear
In this way, the principle of the gear pump can be described. In it, gasoline is sucked in and pumped out by the movement of the internal gear relative to the stator, that is, the external gear. When the rotor rotates, its lateral sides of the tooth form a changing chamber in their gaps. With the help of these chambers, the fuel is sucked and pumped.
Centrifugal
Due to their structural features, these two pumps are installed directly in the fuel line. In today's injection devices, centrifugal mechanisms are used. Such pumps provide a uniform supply of gasoline and practically do not emit any noise. But they have their limitations on pressure and performance.