In general, the presence of the management process can be discussed in those cases when it comes to the general activity of people carried out in order to achieve their goals. It represents the systematic impact of the subject (one person, specially created for these purposes, an organ or group of persons) on a social object. The latter is considered a society or any of its spheres, a separate company, enterprise, etc.
The implementation of the management process is necessary to ensure the integrity of the organization, as well as its normal functioning and dynamic balance with the environment in order to achieve the intended goal. Among the objects of management are educational institutions. After all, they are social organizations in which joint activities of teachers, students, and their parents are carried out.
Management of an educational organization is carried out in accordance with the legislative documents of the Russian Federation, as well as the adopted Charter of the institution. It takes place when influencing people's motivation, as well as value orientations.
Management tools
The main objects of the educational institution management process are the components of the educational process. At the same time, a management tool is applied to each of them. Among them:
- Organization hierarchy. It implies the impact on a person "from above." At the same time, the main goals of managing conditions in an educational organization are motivation and planning, organization and control of activities, distribution of wealth, etc.
- Inner culture. It takes place when social norms, values, behavior and attitudes developed by society and recognized by it, as well as by an organization or group, make people behave only in this way, and not otherwise.
- Market. It presupposes equal relations between the seller and the buyer (“horizontally”), which are based on the sale of services or products, as well as on property relations.
In modern socio-economic systems, all three types of management take place. However, they coexist in the organization. The highest priority in this case determines the appearance of the entire institution.
Today, the main trend in management style is democratization. Its manifestation can be seen in informal and flexible ways and methods, which are based on the cooperation of managers and subordinates. That is why in modern conditions the power system, expressed by a vertical hierarchical pyramid, is less and less used, and equal “horizontal” relations are developing more and more.
Democratization also takes place in the public administration of an educational organization. It allows you to expand the rights of such institutions. At the same time, the administration and teaching staff of educational institutions are given the opportunity to independently determine the policy of their activities.
Management bodies
The state through educational legislation establishes liberal requirements for the management system of the educational organization. Moreover, the management of such institutions is based on the principles of collegiality and unity of command.
In general, the legislative requirements for the management of an educational organization are complementary in their consideration in relation to the Civil Code. In this case, regulatory documents are established by the following mandatory governing bodies of such institutions. Among them:
- The head. It is the sole executive body. Depending on the type of institution, this may be the rector or director, boss, manager and other manager.
- Collegial organs.
- General meeting or conference attended by employees of the organization. In universities and professional institutions, they are held in conjunction with students.
- Teaching advice. In a higher education institution - academic council.
Based on the foregoing, among the governing bodies of the educational organization, three of them must be present. One is sole, and two collegiate.
Mechanism of implementation
The management of an educational organization is represented by a set of principles and patterns. On their basis, various methods and forms of interaction between the subject and the object of leadership are applied in certain specific conditions.
At the same time, the laws governing the management of an educational organization express the connections that exist between the object and the subject of the institution. In turn, the principles affirm the basic rules of such interaction. As for the forms and methods, they are in the management of the educational organization are specific tools that allow for mutual relations between the object and the subject.
Patterns
In their list are:
- the dependence of the management system of the educational organization, based on the level of its organizational and functional structures;
- the relationship between the methods and content of the manual of educational work and the pedagogical process;
- readiness of the sole executive body for management activities and its competence;
- democratic and humanistic orientation of leadership.
Principles
By this concept in the organization of educational process management we mean those guidelines that a manager, supervisor or teacher adheres to in his work. Based on these principles, the requirements for the organization, structure and content of this process are determined. They are the ideological basis of practice and control theory and are used as fundamental axioms.
In the field of education, the following groups of management principles are distinguished:
- organization of labor of the teaching staff;
- social management;
- specific (based on the type of institution).
Let's consider them in more detail.
Principles of pedagogical activity management
Among the provisions that underlie the organization of labor of employees of educational institutions, the following are distinguished:
- Science. The implementation of this principle takes place based on the results of research by specialists, which are provided in the form of concepts, theories, recommendations, etc. The modern management of an educational organization should fully comply with the level of the latest developments of scientists and be based on the disclosure of the most important principles and patterns used in the management of such an institution.
- Integrity and consistency. According to this principle, the head of the educational institution, heading the teaching staff, should not give preference to any particular managerial function. Choosing the direction of his activity depending on the specific situation, he needs to take into account the requirements of consistency, consistency and equivalence.
- A rational combination of responsibility, duties and rights. It is possible to implement this principle through the careful preparation of job descriptions, which will clearly define the areas of activity of each of the team members. In addition, in such a document it is important to work out a clear range of duties and rights of each of the employees of the educational institution, as well as the boundaries of his responsibility in case of poor or untimely fulfillment of the tasks assigned to him.
- The completeness of information and its objectivity. Management information is understood as messages telling about what is happening outside the organization and inside it. Such information is distinguished by time (annual, quarterly, monthly, daily), by managerial functions (analytical and evaluation, organizational and constructive), by source (non-departmental, departmental, intraorganizational), as well as by purpose (recommendatory, policy, etc. ) The objectivity of the information received means the independence of its content from someone else's interests. Moreover, the information is considered complete if it allows the manager to make the right decision, without considering additional data. The quality of management of educational organizations depends on the collection of objective data. This process is also important for the effectiveness of management.
Principles of Social Management
This group of key provisions applied in the process of managing an educational institution includes:
- Humanization and democratization of management. This principle involves the development of initiative and independence of all participants in the educational process. Among them are leaders and educators, students and their parents. Its implementation is possible subject to the conditions of publicity (openness) in the discussion and adoption of managerial decisions. Management of an educational institution cannot be carried out with the mere influence of the administration on the staff of the institution. Such a measure in this case will be clearly not enough. Management of an educational institution is possible only with interaction, cooperation and co-management, which must certainly be combined with self-government. A concrete manifestation of humanization and democratization is the transition from a monologue to dialogue.
- The unity of collegiality and unity of command. This principle involves the creation of a unified management system in the interaction of these two areas. It can be realized while overcoming authoritarianism and the subjectivity of the leader. One-man management in this case is carried out by the director, his deputies and the heads of structural divisions, which are the administration of the educational institution. This body is designed to ensure order and discipline, as well as delimiting and fulfilling the responsibilities of all participants in the educational process. Collegiality can be implemented in two forms. The first of these is expressed in direct democracy. It takes place during general meetings, conferences and the pedagogical council, in which all members of the staff of the institution take part. The second form of collegiality is expressed in representative democracy. These are various commissions and committees, whose members are representatives of a certain part of the team.
Specific management principles
These provisions include:
- The pedagogical orientation of management. This principle receives its expression in the desire of the leader to always remain a professional. At the same time, it is important for him to be patient with the shortcomings of his subordinates and interest them in success, supporting the team and creating conditions for mutual assistance and positive competition between its members.
- Normativeness. This management principle involves a support in the activities of the head on legislative acts. He also needs to fulfill the regulatory requirements that are contained in state education standards, in training programs, as well as in departmental documents from higher education management organizations.
- The unity of existing pedagogical positions. To implement this principle in the management of an educational institution is possible only if all the subjects of such a process are united by a commonwealth, a common awareness of the goal, a common responsibility and will adopt ways of organizing activities.
- The combination of interests of teachers and students. This management principle is implemented by ensuring the priority interests of students, as well as observing and protecting the rights of each of the participants in the educational process.
Dow management specifics
Preschool institutions are called upon to be the first to create those psychological and pedagogical conditions that would contribute to the development of the personality of the child and would satisfy the needs of societies. Moreover, it is important for them to take into account the needs of their students.
The management of a preschool educational organization should be based on the principles of goal-setting, cooperation and separation, comprehensiveness and systematic self-improvement.
To achieve the ultimate goal of preschool management, which consists in creating the conditions that make it possible to develop the personality of the child, it will be necessary to solve a whole range of problems. Among them:
- studying the level of ongoing educational work with subsequent analysis of the data;
- rational planning;
- identification of advanced pedagogical experience and its dissemination in your team;
- the use of modern scientific methods of working with children;
- the implementation of training and education of preschool children in the classroom, as well as in everyday life;
- control of the educational process.
Vocational training specifics
The main leading factor that determines the activities of schools, lyceums, technical schools and colleges is educational work. It is a pedagogical process in which theoretical as well as industrial training, practice and educational work are involved. Such a process is the main object of managing a professional educational organization.
The result of the work of the head of such institutions should be the formation of the readiness of future specialists for work.
In the implementation of intra-organizational management, the tasks of activating and orienting teachers to fulfill the tasks are solved. For this, the leader ensures the development of the program, which is followed by the employees of the institution. In addition, the task of creating stimulating conditions that are designed to satisfy the emotionally-demanding sphere of the personality is being solved. This is a moral and material reward, a comfortable psychological and social climate in the team, the normal organization of labor, etc.
Management technology
The modern world is changing constantly and dynamically. There is a complication, as well as an improvement in the technology of informatization in the field of education. Moreover, this direction is acquiring fundamental significance.
Modern technologies for managing an educational organization are used in the system not only of school education, but also in preschool educational institutions, as well as in lyceums, technical schools, universities and other similar institutions. They became possible due to the informatization of society, which is a global social process. It consists in the collection, accumulation, as well as in the subsequent processing, storage and transmission of data using modern means of computing and microprocessor technology.
Modern technologies in the management of an educational organization allow:
- improve leadership mechanisms;
- create methodological education systems that contribute to the harmonious development of personality;
- improve strategies to select the most effective organizational forms of training and education;
- conduct various types of activities for independent processing of information;
- create and use computer testing and diagnostic methods for monitoring the activities of educational institutions.