A beautiful smile gives a greater chance of success in personal and social life, it gives more confidence to a person. In order for the smile to be perfect, you need to spend a little time daily on oral hygiene. However, in the modern world there are many different problems associated with the human oral cavity, the solution of which will require much more time than a few minutes a day. One such problem is malocclusion.
Basic concepts: right and wrong bite of teeth
A bite of teeth is a definite structure of a person's jaws. Any bite can be attributed to one of two categories: right and wrong bite of teeth. The malocclusion is called disocclusion. Each person has their own individual jaw structure and only an orthodontist can assess the state of the bite. The fact is that an incorrect bite is not always a pathology and often does not require any maxillofacial interventions. Orthodontist is a dentist with a high rate of professionalism, is engaged in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases and various disorders of the dentition of the face.
Signs of a correct bite of teeth
A correct bite in a person involves the location of the teeth in such a way that the upper row covers the lower row by a third, and the upper molars tightly contact with the lower ones. With the correct bite, the upper arch of the teeth is characterized by a semi-oval shape and its size should be larger than that of the lower one. With proper bite, there is no crowding of teeth.
A person with a perfect bite has a harmonious oval face with full symmetry of the lower part. The bite of the teeth is right and wrong, we can say a conditional definition, because correct bite occurs in a small percentage of people. Small deviations from the norm are more common.
The teeth do not overlap, and when closed they form one straight line and clearly close along the entire perimeter, this type of tooth connection is called a direct bite.
When the teeth are closed, the lower part extends a little forward. Such a bite in dentistry was called prognostic.
When teeth are closed in one line, both jaws slightly rush forward, such a bite in dentistry is called a biprognatic bite.
It is worth noting that a different bite of teeth can lead to speech defects: correct and incorrect. Speech therapy will help to cope with various abnormalities in speech.
What gives the right bite
The correct and incorrect bite of teeth in humans has a different effect on the state of the body as a whole. Proper bite allows you to chew food more thoroughly, which reduces the likelihood of problems with the digestive system, allows you to maintain the full functioning of the teeth as long as possible. In this case, the load on the jaw joints is distributed evenly, periodontal tissues are not susceptible to mechanical damage, speech abilities develop without complications.
Malocclusion
An incorrect bite is a kind of pathology that leads to serious disorders.
The inability of the dentofacial system to cope with its direct functions makes a person’s life not only uncomfortable in terms of eating, talking and breathing, but also develops various complexes in it. With a strong anomaly of the dentition, distortion of the face shape occurs. An incorrect bite leads to a large number of damaged teeth.
Varieties of malocclusion
Orthodontists distinguish five main varieties of malocclusion:
- Distal, with such a bite, both parts of the jaw have an abnormal structure: the upper part is strongly developed and the lower part is weakly developed.
- Mesial, with such a bite, the lower part of the jaw has an abnormal structure. Such a structure negatively affects the appearance of a person and the basic functions of the jaw.
- Deep bite. Due to the irregular structure, the main burden falls on distant teeth.
- Open - this is the most difficult version of the abnormal location of the jaws in the oral cavity. With such a bite, the upper and lower jaws do not touch each other. Such a pathology most affects diction, chewing food and swallowing.
- Cross bite is most often observed in young children, with such a bite the lower jaw mixes to the right or left relative to the upper part.
We examined the bite of the teeth right and wrong. The photo below will provide an opportunity to get acquainted with a couple of popular anomalies.
The main causes of deviations
The causes of malocclusion are completely diverse, each case must be disassembled individually in the doctor’s office. So, a distal bite is formed as a result of complex chromosomal mutations, transmitted infections in early childhood or due to pathologies that are inherited.
The correct and incorrect bite of the teeth is greatly affected by childhood injuries associated with damage to the dentofacial part of the face. Such childhood diseases as rickets or tumors also lead to the formation of pathologies.
Also, the process of forming the correct bite is influenced by a balanced diet, which the child should receive according to his age. Already at the 20th week of life, the baby begins the process of mineralization of the teeth, if the baby is breast-fed, then the mother needs to eat as many foods containing fluoride and calcium as possible.
Another reason for the formation of a malocclusion is improper prosthetics.
Bite in children
Teeth bite right and wrong in children - a separate issue. It is at an early age that the jaw is formed and the foundations of a future bite are laid. In children on natural feeding more often than in children on artificial feeding the correct bite is formed. The main reason that can lead to pathologies is a large hole in the nipple, because the lower jaw is not involved in the work.
Another reason for malocclusion is bad habits, such as sucking a finger. Due to such a seemingly harmless habit, a gap is formed between the teeth.
Frequent colds (sinusitis, rhinitis, etc.) also negatively affect the development of the jaw at an early age.
Deviation Prevention
To form the correct bite, it is necessary to pay special attention to the dentoalveolar section from the first days of the baby’s life, this will help to get rid of a long and expensive treatment in the future.
During the formation of permanent teeth, it is necessary to consult an orthodontist who, in case of malocclusion, will prescribe the optimal treatment.
Treatment
Modern methods of diagnosis and treatment in the field of orthodontics are very extensive and are able to cope with complex cases themselves. The bite of the teeth is correct and the wrong treatment is diverse, each patient needs to choose their own set of measures.
The main methods of combating malocclusion include the following.
Removable mouthguards. This method of struggle is suitable for patients in whom the formation of permanent teeth has not yet been completed. This group includes children under the age of 13-15 years. It is convenient to wear a mouth guard at night, this method will help in the fight against small pathologies, such as single clusters and twisting of teeth.
Installation of braces. With this method, braces are installed on each tooth, they can be either metal or ceramic. It is necessary to wear such systems constantly. The period of treatment depends on the nature of the pathology. It is worth noting that this is the most common method of combating malocclusion. Often, to correct large accuracy, one or several teeth must be removed in order for others to move apart. As a result, all empty spaces will be filled, the bite will level out. The method is suitable for both an adult and a child.
Surgical correction of malocclusion. This method is used to correct very complex pathologies when in other ways it is not possible to obtain a result. Typically, such operations last for several hours, pass under general anesthesia. During the surgical intervention, it is possible to correct completely or partially malocclusion of the third degree of complexity, various deformations of the dentofacial part of the face, asymmetry of the jaw bones.
Laser exposure to oral tissue. This is necessary for rapid tissue regeneration, especially when surgical intervention is required. This is an additional treatment method, it is not used on its own to correct a bite. The correct and incorrect bite of the teeth can be exposed to laser exposure, as this promotes rapid healing and prevents the occurrence of complications.
Pathology occlusion a common problem
The problem with a bite is found not only in people, for example, dogs also suffer from this ailment. The right and wrong teeth bite in dogs is just as common as in humans. The main causes of this anomaly are very similar to the causes of pathologies in humans, these are genetic diseases, a big load on the teeth, injuries. It is necessary to deal with this problem, as an incorrect bite often leads to injuries of the palate, tongue, and complicates the process of chewing food. Determining the right and wrong bite of the teeth in puppies is quite difficult, because after 28 weeks, when the entire milk row of teeth has formed, a change to permanent (molar) teeth occurs.
Dog malocclusion methods
The method of treating occlusion in dogs can only be determined by a doctor with a certain qualification. The most common methods without surgical intervention are removable and non-removable systems. Non-removable metal structures are similar to braces that people install. And removable include plates made of acrylic or rubber, rings. They fit snugly on the dog’s teeth and are removed with food. This method is effective only up to a year, the further process of bite correction occurs with the help of braces.