Spray nozzles are mechanical devices designed to spray fuel in injection and diesel systems. Gasoline or diesel fuel is supplied under high pressure. What is noteworthy, on gasoline engines spraying produces a pressure of 3-5 atmospheres, while on diesel injection is carried out at 1000-1200 atm.
What is it for?
This part performs several functions in the fuel supply system. Firstly, it doses the right amount of injected gasoline. Secondly, the atomizer nozzles (including KAMAZ-5460) perform the function of controlling and preparing the fuel jet. And thirdly, this device separates the injection system from the combustion chamber of the engine itself.
Often, modern diesel atomizer sprayers consist of one or two channels (nozzles) through which fuel is supplied to the outlet and subsequently sprayed into the combustion chamber. A high-quality part should provide a uniform cone-shaped spray of liquid.
Varieties
At the moment, there are only two types of mechanisms:
- Pin devices.
- Multi-jet (pinless).
In the first case, pin nozzle nozzles are used in the mechanisms of vortex and pre-chamber diesel engines. Most often, vehicles with direct fuel injection are equipped with multi-jet devices, including on cars with Common Rail systems. Both mechanisms have their own design features, but their principle of operation and the main function of this does not change.
Work algorithm
When the nozzle nozzles are in the open position, fluid is injected into the combustion chamber. A lot of factors depend on its quantity and quality of supply, starting from engine power and ending with fuel consumption. If spraying does not occur correctly, the car begins to smoke, lose momentum and at the same time consume more fuel. There is a constant coking of the nozzle, which can lead to its complete failure. The tightness of the device, which is in the closed state, ensures a tight fit of the needle tip into the saddle of the sprayer housing. When the nozzle nozzles are in the closed position, this needle is held by a special spring, which acts from the locking cone of the side of the device. It is also worth noting that in Common Rail injection systems, the pressure of the most flammable liquid is used instead of the spring.
Before the fuel enters the combustion chamber, it is pumped into the nozzle, after which it passes through special channels into the atomizer (we talked about them at the beginning of the article). Gradually, fuel is injected into this device, as a result of which pressure is generated in the system. As soon as its value reaches the required value, the atomizer needle spring opens and the process of fuel injection into the cylinder begins. In this case, the rod of the opened device runs inside the guide channel in the nozzle body.