One of the most common elements of any building is the door. Such structures are provided, of course, both in residential and in public or industrial buildings. There can be several types of doors in buildings. Accordingly, in the drawings, such elements are designated differently. The door marking according to GOST is also uneven. The designation on the drawings of such structures, of course, should be applied correctly.
What documents are regulated
Manufacturers of standard wooden doors intended for installation in residential and office premises, manufacturers in our time should, being guided primarily by the standards provided by GOST 6629-88 and GOST 475-78. An exception in this case are structures assembled from valuable species of wood. Such doors do not belong to the standard group. Using other regulatory documents, manufacturers also assemble special-purpose structures. It can be, for example, evacuation models, fire engines, etc.
In our country, door signs in drawings are regulated in accordance with GOST 21.201-2011. At the same time, according to the standards, on diagrams made on a scale of 1: 400 or less, such elements are usually not marked. Doors designate only in drawings 1:50 and larger. In this case, according to GOST, the scheme is supposed to mark not only such a design itself, but also the direction of opening the blade, as well as the presence of a nut.
In addition, the type of door is often noted on diagrams using special icons. Of course, such door designations in the drawings according to GOST are also regulated. All design organizations in our country must comply with such standards.
Can also be used in Russia and the standards for the designation of doors and windows in the drawings according to GOST 11214-86. This document indicates, inter alia, the requirements for the construction of such building elements. Also, this GOST regulates the sizes and methods of joining nodes of standard windows and doors.
Main types
The design of modern doors can have different. But on this basis, all of them can be classified into four main types:
Doors "G". Such structures are mounted inside buildings most often. Door leaf “G” can have one or two. The filling inside them is using trellis. Such doors can be assembled with a box, covers and a door sill or without them.
Type "O". Such doors are structurally similar to the previous version, but have glass inserts.
Model "K". This is a pendulum type of door whose doors do not pretend, but swing. The canvases of such structures are usually two and they do not pretend, but swing. A feature of models of this type is, among other things, the lack of a nut.
Doors type "U". This group includes reinforced door structures. They are usually installed inside buildings at the entrance to isolated rooms, for example, in apartments.
When designating a door, all these 4 types of construction of similar products can be separately indicated in the drawing.
Designations
As already mentioned, in drawings of a scale of 1:50 and larger, doors are designated without fail. In this case, the symbol for opening the door in the drawings is an arc. An example of such a scheme can be seen below.
In addition, the conditional drawings when drawing up house designs may also show the type of doors that are supposed to be installed in the house. In this case, it is customary to use special icons. The same conditional elements may indicate the type of gate on the street.
Such badges are standard designations and should be used in all official designs. For example, in the table above, you can see that the designation of the sliding doors in the drawings according to GOST is a rectangle with parallel lines with lines for the doors. At swing doors, the latter are drawn at an angle, etc.
What other rules should be followed when drawing up schemes
Depict doors on conditional drawings, as, for example, and windows, relies in the form of wall openings. Moreover, such elements in the diagrams do not shade, but are applied in the form of perpendicular lines (sashes). Among other things, when displaying on the door drawings, the following rules are observed:
the main lines are 0.8 mm thick;
the inscriptions above the signs are drawn in font No. 7;
to clarify the conventions used font number 5.
To determine the characteristics of the door - the side of the door opening, the presence of a nut, the type of structure - you can, among other things, also by its marking. Such information, in accordance with current standards, must be present on interior and entrance structures without fail. It can also be affixed to design drawings next to the door icon.
Marking of wooden structures
The designation of the door in the drawing (according to GOST) makes it easy to find out the features of its design. Also, as we found out, similar information is provided to the consumer in the labeling of products of this type.
Doors of modern companies can be made in different sizes. This, of course, should also be displayed in the symbols on the drawings according to GOST. And the dimensions of the doors are supposed to be affixed, of course, in the marking. According to the standard, manufacturers in this case indicate the width and height of the opening for which the model is intended. The same designations can be used in detailed drawings next to the door icon.
Models of types “O” and “G”, among other things, can have flaps of unequal width. In this case, the letters “P” and “L” (right and left canvas) are added to the marking. Also, manufacturers must indicate that their door has a door sill. This element is marked with the letter “P” in the marking.
What other notation can be used
Thus, we have found out how interior doors installed directly in buildings can be marked. In the second position, such models indicate the type of construction.
However, in various constructions, of course, external doors are almost always used. In the labeling of such products in the second position, for example, the following designations may be present:
In the presence of such letters in the marking, letters indicating the actual type of construction "G", "O", etc., can be transferred further - for numbers.
Unlike internal doors, entrance models are made according to the standards provided by GOST 24698-81. The same document regulates their designations.
The numbers in the marking of the internal doors, as already mentioned, usually go in third position. In the same place they are located for entrance structures. For all types of doors, numbers indicate the dimensions of the openings in the house. Very often after them, in the door marking, in addition to type, there are also additional letters displaying any secondary characteristics. At this point, GOST for doors may include, for example, the presence of the following characters:
“P” - nut or right wing;
"L" - left opening;
"N" - with an influx;
"B" - moisture resistant door;
"C" - continuous filling of the canvas;
"T" - a fireproof door;
"" - shield door;
"C" - a model with internal solid filling of wooden slats, equipped with a door sill and cylinder lock, as well as a sealed vestibule.
At the last position in the door marking, the designation GOST 24698-81 is usually affixed.
What are vestibule, hatch and manhole doors
Such designs belong to the class of outdoor. According to GOST, the conventional symbols on the drawings of doors of this type are used standard. That is, this can be an icon like a model or just an opening with a sash.
Tambour doors are usually installed after the entrance and are designed to preserve heat in the premises of an apartment or house. Such models are often not insulated, but complemented by a dense vestibule. Structurally, they are something like a partition with sashes installed between the walls of the corridor. The main varieties of such doors there are only three: solid, lattice and with inserts. As already mentioned, in the marking, vestibule doors, like entrance doors, are indicated by the letter “H” (external).
Hatch models in buildings can be mounted, for example, in attics. Such structures are manufactured at enterprises both on a metal frame and on a wooden one. In many cases, doors of this type are additionally insulated. Sometimes such models can be equipped with a folding ladder. Designations of this type are marked as “L”.
Lazy doors are denoted by the same letter and are used to exit to the roof or to any technical rooms. Like hatches, they can be made of both metal and wood. Very often, such structures are additionally insulated.
Examples
The designations of windows and doors in the drawings according to GOST in our country should be used prescribed by the standards. The same applies to the labeling of such products. How can such information be deciphered? For example, wooden doors can be marked by the manufacturer as follows:
DK 24-19. In this marking, the letter "D" means actually that the product is a door. “K” indicates the type of model. That is, in this case, the door is swinging. The number 24 in this marking indicates the opening height of 24 dm, and 19 - the width of 19 dm.
DG 24-15PP. In this case, the letter "G" indicates that the door "D" refers to the standard type. 24 in this marking is the height of the opening in decimeters, 15 is its width. The first letter "P" means that the door has only the right wing. The second “P” indicates that the model comes with a nut.
TO 24-15P. Such marking will be present on the glass door “O” with a bifold right with a door sill.
DG21-7LP. In this case, the door is of type “G”, it is single-left, has a threshold and is designed for an opening of 21x7 dm.
DS16-19GU. This marking displays information that the door is a service "C" and is intended for an opening 19x19 dm. Moreover, it is a deaf "G" and refers to the insulated type.
DN21-19PSCHO2. In this case, the door belongs to the external vestibule type "N", is the right "P" and the shield "", has a door sill.
In some cases, at the last positions in the door marking in the drawings according to GOST (as in example 6), the letter O with a number may be present. This designation indicates the type of door trim. In the marking, this characteristic may be indicated by the combination “O1”, “O2” or “O3”.
Marking for metal models
Such doors in the drawings in accordance with GOST, therefore, are most often indicated with sashes at an angle. After all, such constructions in most cases belong to the type of conventional oar. Inside buildings, the entrances, for example, to apartments are today insulated, usually using steel structures. Wooden doors nowadays are almost impossible to see in the entrances. Metal entrance structures for apartments belong to the internal group and are manufactured and marked in accordance with the standards of GOST 51242 98. This document regulates the production of all those models on which protective mechanisms are installed. In addition to metal entrance doors, according to this GOST, for example, safes, blinds, shutters and windows are made.
This regulatory document is regulated only by the production of structures with protective mechanisms intended for installation in residential premises. For doors of special purpose, for example, bulletproof, its effect does not apply.
Designations for metal models
GOST prescribes doors and windows in drawings, therefore, to be denoted by standard icons. Regulate state standards and marking of such structures. Symbols for metal doors in schemes are usually used the same as for wooden. However, the marking of such products usually also contains additional information. In the first place in this case is also the letter “D”. On the second, the dimensions of the opening go. However, for such doors they are marked in dm, and in mm. Also, in the marking of metal input structures, usually there are designations of strength class and burglar resistance. In this case, the consumer thus has the opportunity, even in the store, to determine the degree of reliability of the product in terms of penetration into the home of unwanted guests.
In a special way, fire-resistant steel doors are also marked at the enterprises. In their designations there is, among other things, the letter "P". Typically, such models are marked with the letters "DMP" or "DPM" (metal fire door).
Strength classes
This parameter for metal input structures is regulated by GOST 31173-2003 and GOST 31173-2016. These documents came out in different years, but they are called the same: “Steel door blocks. Technical conditions. " In older door models, marking is thus provided for in accordance with GOST from 2003, in new ones from 2016.
Moreover, in the first case, the structural strength class can be denoted by letters:
"M1" - the most durable;
"M2" - medium strength;
"M3" - lightweight.
At the same time, the new GOST 2016 prescribes determining five strength classes of entrance doors - from M3 to M5.
Burglar resistance classes
In the old GOST from 2003, all doors on this basis were divided into three groups: ordinary, reinforced or protective. The new GOST provides for a fundamentally different classification. According to the document from 2016, there are:
Types of finishes
The designation of doors in the drawings according to GOST on the facade or in the staircase is usually used in the form of rectangles with a casement at an angle. In the marking of such structures, among other things, there may be a type of finish. There are several types of the latter for metal entrance doors:
Powder-polymer spraying. This is the cheapest type of coating, characterized by a rather high degree of reliability. Its main advantages are durability and strength.
Hammer coating. In this case, the door is finished using special paint. A distinctive feature of such a coating is resistance to mechanical stress. Also, its attractive appearance is attributed to its advantages.
Vandal proof coating. This variety is usually used for decorating the doors of public and commercial buildings. This group of coatings includes, for example, lining and MDF panels.
Example of marking metal structures
Such doors can be designated, for example, as follows: DSV DKN 2100-1270 M3. Such markings are deciphered as follows:
"D" is the door;
“C” - steel;
“B” - internal input;
"DK" - a two-floor with a closed box;
"N" - revealing outward;
2100-1270 - designed for an opening with a height of 2100 mm and a width of 1270 mm;
M3 - lightweight strength class.
The symbols on the drawings of metal doors are used the same as for wooden.
Door marking
Such structures in the drawings are indicated using the same icons as the doors. The manufacture of gates and their marking is regulated by GOST 31174-2003. Symbols for such structures are used by manufacturers as follows:
the letter designation of the product itself is VM (metal gates);
article on technical documentation (type);
opening dimensions in mm;
canvas class.
At the last position in the marking of the gate, GOST 31174-2003 itself is affixed. According to the regulations, in the article of such products, in addition to the type, information should be displayed on the presence / absence of the gate, on the type of finishing material, architectural drawing, etc. The full content of the article is disclosed in the contract for the order and the passport of the gate.
Gate marking example
The symbol of such a product may look, for example, as follows: VM DN2047.17.03. ML 2900 × 2600-330 GOST 31174-2003. The decoding for the gate in this case will be as follows:
"VM" - metal gates;
DN2047.17.03.ML - article according to the manufacturer's technical documentation;
2900x2600 - opening dimensions;
330 - the mass of the canvas in kilograms.
Quality requirements for wooden doors
What symbols in the drawings according to GOST doors are provided, we found out. But what are the requirements for the manufacture of such structures? According to the standards GOST 475-78, such designs can be made with slight deviations from the standard dimensions. In this case, the document indicates the maximum tolerances.
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