In recent years, project activities have been increasingly used in Russian schools, colleges, technical schools and universities. The undoubted advantages of this learning model are its applied character, huge potential for collective creativity, as well as the development of the abilities of each student and student.
The project method as a developing model for teaching schoolchildren was first announced in the 20s of the last century in the works of the famous American teacher and philosopher D. Dewey. In his works, he insisted that learning should be an active process in which the main burden falls on the shoulders of students. Participating in the development of a project, they will master all the knowledge they need.
In Russia, project activities became the subject of active discussions at the beginning of the twentieth century, when a well-known teacher S. Shatsky organized a whole group of specialists to make sure in practice the feasibility of using this form of training.
Today, project activity is one of the most popular models for organizing the educational process. It is an individual or collective activity of students, carried out independently or under the direct supervision of a teacher, aimed at the creative development of a particular material.
The organization of project activities largely depends on the skill of the teacher and involves very careful preparation and in-depth analysis of the results. As a rule, this activity includes several critical stages.
Firstly, project activities always begin with a statement of the problem. Usually, the teacher and the student first identify some problem area, and then concentrate on a particular object of study. Also at this stage, the basic research methods and the necessary tools are determined.
Secondly, the main goal of the project and the tasks arising from it are formulated. At this stage, it is already advisable to conduct a mini-study, which will show how relevant this problem is, and will also help highlight a narrower area of research, where the student will be able to maximize their creative talents.
Thirdly, if the project is to create any technical model or stand, then you need to preoccupy yourself with the search for the right supplies and tools. In addition, all possible costs should be calculated in order to understand how realistic the implementation of this project is.
Fourth, the project activity itself must necessarily be accompanied by constant monitoring and corrective measures. For this, certain control points should be outlined in advance, on the basis of which this intermediate analysis should be carried out.
All work usually ends with a public defense of the project, after which the student and teacher must carefully analyze the result, paying attention not only to the merits, but also to the shortcomings.
Thus, project activity is the best option for organizing students' vigorous activity and realizing their basic abilities and talents.