The installation of the chimney is a responsible work that is usually trusted by experienced professionals. The safety of the owners of the house, as well as the operational characteristics of the furnace, depend on the quality of its implementation. Many owners decide to do this kind of work on their own. It is quite possible. But for this you will need to familiarize yourself with the basic rules for arranging such a system. There are a number of nuances of pipe installation. How to make the passage of the chimney through the roof will be discussed in detail below.
Why is it important to remove the chimney correctly?
The node of the passage of the chimney through the roof, many decide to equip themselves. This leads to various negative consequences. If the owners of the house do not know the intricacies of this process, they can turn to specialists. Their work requires additional costs. However, experienced builders will do their job well. In order to save, you need to find out all the nuances of this process.
If you remove the chimney through the roof incorrectly, moisture gets into the leaky joints. As a result, all the materials of which the roof is made are wet. Fungi and mold may appear in the supporting structures. They destroy floor coverings and insulation materials. The microclimate in the house can become unhealthy. To extend the life of the roof, it is necessary to create tight joints.
It should be noted that the chimneys are made of fairly hardy materials. They can withstand temperature changes for a long time. But in the case of constant contact with moisture, the chimneys can be destroyed. This is due to the constant presence of moisture in the transition between the inner and outer spaces of the roof. Once saturated with liquid, the brick, asbestos-cement chimney quickly collapses. The material will crumble, structural changes will appear. As a result, such a pipe will last only two or three seasons. Then it will need to be changed.
The passage of the chimney pipe through the roof, which was not mounted correctly, will provoke other troubles. So, inside such a chimney will quickly become soot-covered. You will need to clean it often.
In most cases, the roof is insulated with mineral wool. This material is extremely moisture resistant. It is impregnated with it. Because of this, the insulation ceases to fulfill the functions assigned to it. Through a wet area, heat from the room will quickly leave the room. In winter, the owners of the house will pay for energy for this reason, much more money. The heat loss that will be on the roof will be significant.
To restore the functions of the insulation, you will need to completely change it. This is an additional cost. You will also need to change the wooden structural elements of the roof. Due to the increased humidity, they will rot and quickly collapse.
The node of the passage of the chimney through the roof should be completely tight. Otherwise, moisture will seep inside the house during the winter or rainy season. First, a puddle forms on the ceiling of the attic. Then, for obvious reasons, the water will penetrate further, forming ugly spots on the ceiling. Therefore, the arrangement of the pipe passage node through the ceilings and the roof should be approached responsibly.
Where to get the pipe?
The passage of the chimney through the insulated roof may be required during the reconstruction of the old roof or the construction of a new house. In the second case, the owners must choose where to bring the pipe. This is influenced by many factors. When repairing the roof, it is no longer possible to change the place of the pipe outlet.
It is believed that the best place to equip this site is the ridge of the roof. However, not all so simple. In this area of the roof, rainfall will not get inside the house. Smudges in this case are practically excluded. If the chimney is located above the ridge, the draft in the system will be optimal. However, there is one drawback to this scheme. The arrangement of the rafter system will become a complex process. He will need to tinker with. With this installation of the chimney, the horizontal beam of the ridge will need to be torn. And this is a complicated matter.
According to SNiP, the minimum distance from the pipe to the rafters or supporting structures should be 14-25 cm. Therefore, in order not to tear the beams, you need to move the chimney relative to the ridge. It should be borne in mind that if this object is located at a distance of up to 1.5 m from it, then the chimney should rise above the extreme point of the roof to a height of at least 50 cm.
In the process of arranging the passage of the chimney through the roof, planning and designing the future construction should be extremely responsible. If the pipe is 1.5-3 m from the ridge, the height of the chimney can be flush with the extreme point of the roof.
If the roof is pitched, and the pipe passes at a distance of more than 3 m from the ridge, the upper point of the pipe may be lower than it. To do this, draw a tangent line between the ridge beam and the chimney. The angle of its inclination should be no more than 10º. Arrangement of the height of the chimney is one of the main issues during the construction work of this site.
Brick chimney
The passage of a brick chimney through the roof is somewhat different from the arrangement of ceramic and other types of chimneys. This must be taken into account during the planning of construction works. If the chimney is made of brick, you will need to cut a hole in the roof. Its size should be 25 cm larger on each side than the pipe itself. This is especially important when the roofing material quickly ignites. The gap can only be reduced if the roof is made of metal.
In the area of the pipe passage through the roof, an additional rafter structure is arranged. Here you also need to create a crate. The space between the wooden structural elements and the chimney will need to be filled with non-combustible material. In this case, mineral wool is most often used. It withstands high temperatures, does not emit harmful substances into the environment. At the same time, mineral wool is an absolutely non-combustible material.
Wooden structural elements must be treated with antiseptics and flame retardants. In some cases, the chimney can rest against the beam of the ridge. It will require a deepening. On both sides, the beam is mounted on racks.
To create a chimney passage through the roof with your own hands, you need to mount a metal apron on the roof. It with one edge should go to the surface of the chimney at a level of 30 cm, which protrudes above the roof level. The second edge is made under the roofing material in the place where the cut was made. This option is suitable for those pipes that are separated from the ridge at a certain distance.
If the chimney comes out close to the top beam, then a metal apron will need to be placed under the ridge element. On the pipe itself, a steel sheet needs to be inserted in a shtroba. It is done in advance. It is fixed with trims. Also, the entire system is carefully sealed with special insulating compounds.
If the width of the chimney from the side that is parallel to the ridge beam is more than 80 cm, you will need to make a face-up. This situation occurs when pipes from the stove, fireplace, ventilation are combined in one pipe. To protect the joint between the pipe and the roof, a visor must be made. He will divert water and snow to the sides. It is better to entrust this work to professionals, since in this case the master must have considerable experience.
Ready adapter block
The passage of the chimney through the roof in a bathhouse or other structure can be sealed using a special adapter. It is used if the chimney is round and made of ceramic or metal. A huge number of ready-made units for creating a chimney passage are on sale. The shapes of such products may be different. On sale you can find nodes of oval, round, square or rectangular configuration.
The choice of design option depends on the material from which the roof covering and the rafter system are made, as well as the diameter of the chimney, the slope angle. Also, the height of the attic space affects the choice of the finished unit. Take into account the material of the ceilings in the house.
Manufacturers produce bushings that consist of 2 parts. These are metal rings and flanging. If such products are smelted from ferrous metals, the wall thickness should be from 1 to 3 mm. Rings consist of 2 circuits. Each of them has isolation from basalt material. This eliminates the possibility of fire in the presence of a heated pipe.
The metal from which the adapter assembly is made is coated with protective enamel. This avoids the development of corrosion. Enamel withstands high temperatures (up to + 600º). Sometimes sinking is made of stainless steel. The cost of such products will be an order of magnitude higher.
The node passage of the chimney through a soft roof or other materials can be universal. It is made of aluminum. On the flange there is a cone-shaped corrugation made of silicone. Several standard sizes of similar products are on sale. This allows you to choose a finished adapter for a pipe of the appropriate size. The top of the corrugation can be cut so that the pipe can pass through its hole. In this case, the flange is treated with sealant. It is attached to the roof with self-tapping screws. They are usually supplied complete.
If the roof is made of embossed materials that do not allow fixing with self-tapping screws, you have to fasten the system to the crate. For this, long dowels are used. This, for example, may be required if the rabbit is made of reinforced concrete. It should be noted that the type of roofing material significantly affects the procedure for arranging the exit of the chimney.
Chimney sandwich
From what material the roof is covered, the features of arranging the passage of the chimney pipe depend. Most often, the owners of the house choose ondulins, metal tiles, corrugated boards, etc. to decorate the slopes. It is also often necessary to make the passage of the chimney through a soft roof.
Particularly popular today won precisely the sandwich chimneys. They are distinguished by ease of installation, quality construction, durability and safety during operation. The outer casing of such a pipe is made of a sheet of metal. It has a beautiful sheen. Such pipes almost always have a round shape. Therefore, to pass through the roof of the sandwich chimney, most often ready-made passage elements are chosen. They are of two types. Most often, elastic transitional structures are acquired. If the owners do not like how the shiny pipe combines with a similar design, they may prefer a metal adapter.
Elastic adapters are made of an elastic polymer that is resistant to elevated temperatures. The flange (bottom element) of the structure is made of flexible material. Therefore, it can be easily installed both on flat roof slopes and on a surface covered with metal tiles with high waves. The passage through the roof of a sandwich chimney to perform correctly using a similar design will be easiest. The flange is fixed with self-tapping screws or special studs.
The advantage of elastic adapters for sandwich chimneys and other types of pipes is their low cost. At the same time, installation does not cause difficulties. To make a mistake in this case will be much more difficult. The kit comes with detailed installation instructions.
The joints in the installation process are lubricated with a special heat-resistant sealant. They process the place where the pipe comes from, as well as the joint between the flange and the roof. When the sealant dries, you will need to screw the adapter with bolts. To do this, drill holes in the lower flange ring in advance.
Soft roof
Creating a chimney passage through the roof of flexible tiles is performed according to a certain method. First you need to drill a sufficient hole in the roof. A pipe will be discharged through it. Often the roof does not have powerful beams to fix the system. In this case, you need to purchase a precast passage. It consists of two parts. This reduces the load on the floor.
Two prefabricated parts are attached using self-tapping screws first from the inside of the roof. Outside, special rubber material must be glued using ordinary silicone to create a seal.
Next, you need to mount a non-combustible insulation. To do this, acquire mineral wool in rolls. Using basalt or fiberglass fill the space between the prefabricated structure and the chimney pipe. During installation, make sure that the mineral wool does not cover the rubber seal.
Complete with prefabricated passage comes roof cutting. Its fixation occurs using self-tapping screws. This option is ideal when creating a passage through the roof of a chimney from a sandwich pipe. Roof cutting allows you to protect the system from water penetration. There are many varieties of such designs. They differ in the method of execution, material and angle of inclination.
Typically, the slope of such structures is from 15 to 55º. The choice depends on the angle of the roof. If the material of its decoration is soft rolled varieties of materials, metal cutting can be used. Also, with this installation method, structures that have a self-adhesive tape for high-quality adjoining of the system to the roof are quite suitable.
Tiling and Ondulin
The passage of the chimney through the roof can be done independently even if the coating is made of tiles. In this case, the chimney is in most cases bricked. In this case, you will need to do the work with special diligence. In this case, corrugated as well as self-adhesive sheet lead or aluminum can be used to finish the chimney pipe.
The listed materials are sold in the form of rolls. On the one hand they are coated with a special adhesive composition. The reverse side of such a sheet is covered with a foil of the listed metals. This design allows you to protect the chimney from mechanical damage, as well as prevent water leakage after rain or snowfall inside the house.
Another popular option for finishing the roof is ondulin. He has a lot of positive qualities. It is also sometimes called Euroslate. It does not contain asbestos. Therefore, it is classified as environmentally friendly materials. However, its disadvantage is insufficient heat resistance. The temperature limit to which this material can be exposed is 110º. Therefore, to create a passage through the roof they approach very responsibly. Make it pretty difficult. However, with certain knowledge, even a novice master can cope with this task.
It is also worth saying that ondulin not only does not withstand high temperatures, but can also ignite. Therefore, for your own safety you need to know how to properly make a passage in the roof with a similar finish. It will be necessary to cut an opening in the roof much wider than the diameter of the pipe. The likelihood of leaks increases due to this.
To prevent negative consequences, use a metal or silicone passage through the roof for the chimney. Be sure to mount the roof cutting. Also, a metal apron is necessarily present in the design. The angle of cutting is chosen in accordance with the position of the roof slopes. The ends of the cutting during installation are introduced under the nearby sheets of ondulin.
Decking
If you want to create a chimney passage through the roof from corrugated board, most often the owners of the house purchase a sandwich pipe. This is the most reliable, easy to install option. Professional flooring is combined with such a design perfectly. To complete the installation of the chimney, make markings on the roofing.
Next, using a grinder, you will need to cut a hole. It is necessary to retreat from the intended contour a few centimeters in depth. The hole in this case will decrease slightly. This circumstance must be taken into account in the design calculations. In this case, you must be very careful. Notches should appear in the material.
When the hole is created, you need to make small slots in the corners of the hole. , , . , , . .
. . -. . . . .
. .
Metal tile
. . . , . . . .
, . . . , .
Installation of the inner apron starts from the bottom. In the right places, the steel profile is cut. This element must be installed in its intended place. Next, it is trimmed. The apron is installed in a prepared place. It is pressed tightly to the base. The upper part must exactly match the previously created strobe.
Next, the system is fixed with screws. They are screwed through the bottom of the inside of the apron. They must pass through the wooden elements of the roof structure. In the same way, the side and upper parts of the apron are mounted. They must be at least 15 cm in size.
Apron sealing
Creating the passage of the chimney through the roof, which was covered with metal, it is necessary to seal the inner apron. For this, the edge that was inserted into the shtroba is treated with heat-resistant sealant.
A tie is made under the bottom edge of the apron. This is a flat sheet designed to drain water. He is sent to the valley or down to the eaves. You need to make a side around the edge of the tie. This can be done with pliers.
When the inner apron is installed, you can mount the outer protective shield. It is installed on the same principle as the internal apron. Only its upper edge will not be recessed into the shtroba. It should seal the joint. For this, a special composition is used, which is not afraid of high heat.
Having considered the features of arranging the passage of the chimney through the roof, you can create a high-quality system yourself. Water will not leak through it after snow or rain. The chimney will perform the tasks assigned to it correctly, will not be quickly covered by soot inside. Operation of stove heating will be safe and efficient.