Mental qualities and personality traits are part of a sustainable nature, affect the activities of the individual and give his characteristics for psychology and society. In other words, these are the traits of a person that define him in a particular social environment. By analyzing these concepts, one can evaluate a person, understand him, and determine which activity is best suited to a particular subject, how best to use his abilities to the benefit of all. The main mental properties of a personality are temperament, character, ability and orientation.
Directivity
According to psychologists, orientation is one of the most important psychological properties of a person’s personal characteristics. It is a combination of human needs, goals and motives. It is these features that relate to the mental properties of the personality, and are fundamental to determine the nature of the individual.
Their formation takes place in conjunction with internal motives, human aspirations, goals that he sets, and the reasons why people choose these actions. In addition to the fact that mental properties influence the activity of an individual, they also affect relations between people. Orientation is able to express all the abilities of a person and direct them in the direction necessary for the psyche. She has an internal structure consisting of goals, motives and needs.
Needs
Needs are the needs of people of the material and spiritual plan and relate to the mental properties of the individual. It is on their satisfaction that the quality of a person’s activity and how actively he will implement it depend. And if the needs of animals are more emphasized on the material and biological level, then the spiritual and psychological plan is more important for people.
They multiply depending on the growth of a person in society and are reflected in his relations with other people and society as a whole. At each stage of an individual’s life, external factors also influence the appearance and formation of his needs. Needs have a number of specific features, they are specific, substantial, directly related to what the personality needs for development. When a person realizes his need, he has a certain emotional state. In addition, each need requires a volitional component, focused on the search for the desired.
goal
The mental properties of personality include spiritual and material needs, which affect the emergence of goals. If we consider personal psychology, the goal allows us to study the intentionality of human actions, representing character traits. It is the formation of goals that is the main mechanism that pushes people to action.
This can also include the motive that prompts a person from within to perform one or another act in order to achieve the goal. It refers to the objective conditions of human life. Motives are stable and situational, depending on the social conditions of the individual. The presence of motives also reflects both the activity and its effectiveness. It is also important that motives influence human memory.
Types of Psychic Phenomena
It is proved that all the psychological phenomena studied are very closely related. Traditionally, they are divided into processes, properties and mental states. This is a combination of basic and temporary typological modifications. Each process can have a separate reflection object and regulatory features, on the basis of which images are formed.
Structure
The structure of the personality’s mental properties is a combination of all regulatory components of an individual’s activity, which are included in the formation of the personality’s composition. Since the personality is a holistic mechanism, it is necessary to consider psychoregulatory opportunities in an integrated manner.
It is man’s natural capabilities that determine his temperament. The system of mental properties can manifest itself in different ways depending on external factors. The main division is made into cognition, work and relationships in society.
Temperament
The mental properties of personality also include temperament. It is an individual human property that depends more on innate than on acquired qualities.
It is determined by analyzing the pace of psychological processes, their speed and intensity. Mostly they pay attention to such areas of its manifestation as general activity, motor sphere and the level of manifestation of emotions. There are four types of temperament that describe in detail the
individual's abilities.Phlegmatic person
Such people are unhurried, it is difficult to outrage them, they rarely show emotions, and at the same time they are extremely purposeful. These are very balanced and calm personalities who are persistent in the work sphere. Despite being slow, this person achieves great labor successes due to his diligence.
If a phlegmatic gets into a critical situation, he does not lose control, does not commit impulsive acts, always remains calm and brings any started work to its logical conclusion. But it is very difficult for such people to switch between different types of activities.
Choleric
Such people are very fast, vibrant, emotional, but not balanced. Their emotional state is unstable, so the choleric can very actively get down to business, but just as quickly cool down to him. They deplete very quickly, because they are completely unable to distribute their internal forces.
Such people make a lot of sudden movements, show emotions even where this is not worth it. Being in adverse social conditions, such people can show their temper and even aggression. For a person with such a temperament to be able to reach heights in work processes, he needs good motivation.
Sanguine
These are very mobile people, whose mood changes quite often, they are impressionable, quickly respond to events happening around, they easily perceive criticism and personal defeats. Most often, they have a pronounced facial expression, they are productive in work activities, if they are interested in the occupation. This is a very sociable person who quickly adapts to life changes. He is very changeable, both in feelings and in conditioned reflexes. These are emotionally stable people who are able to quickly and easily switch between different activities.
Melancholic
Such people rarely react to external factors, they are very fixated on themselves and vulnerable, often for a long time experiencing various events in life. Any, even the most insignificant external influence can slow down their activity, they are not able to control or restrain emotions, often look negatively at the world. Such a person has a very undeveloped mental state, this is probably the weakest type of temperament. Such a person will avoid any changes, new acquaintances and, in principle, leaving the personal comfort zone. If he finds himself in an unfavorable social environment, he becomes shy, cowardly and indecisive. But at the same time, he quickly learns and is distinguished by increased attentiveness.
Characteristic
The characterization of the personality’s mental properties at this stage in the development of the science of psychology is very multifaceted. There are many factors and elements of the human psychological development system that can not only determine its type of activity, but also explain its actions and behavior. Different scholars give different characteristics regarding personal qualities. The main thing to consider is that each individual combines in his consciousness a complex of psychic properties that are directly related to each other. It all depends not only on the innate qualities of a person, but also on his environment, society, education and many other external factors. It is also important self-development of the individual, its goals and interests.
Conclusion
Individual mental properties of a person are always dependent on external influences. The activity of a person can be reduced due to the dissatisfaction of his inner spiritual and material needs. Only good social conditions or worthy motivation can provoke an individual to actively engage in quality activities, building goals and ways to achieve them. Much also depends on the personal qualities of a person, his environment, financial situation and spiritual development.