Basements are usually waterproofed already at the construction stage of the building. At the same time, the protective material is laid under the floor, and the walls of the underground room are also processed outside. However, nothing lasts forever, and sooner or later the waterproofing layer loses its qualities. As a result, dampness appears in the basement. Of course, you can dig it out and glue the walls with another layer of waterproofing. However, the procedure is quite a consignment note. In addition, the floors can not be insulated in this way from the outside. In this case, a slightly different method of protection against dampness is usually used - waterproofing basements from the inside. This method is not so effective, but it helps to prevent the entry of groundwater into the basement of the house quite successfully.
Types of waterproofing basements
There are several ways to protect the basement from moisture. The simplest are:
- Gluing surfaces with roll materials.
- Coating them with polymer mastics.
However, for waterproofing basements from the inside, these two methods are rarely used today. More often they are used to protect the basement floors from the outside. The fact is that the moisture-proof film created by these technologies does not hold on the surfaces very firmly and begins to peel off under the pressure of water. More modern methods include:
- Penetrating waterproofing.
- The use of liquid rubber
- Injection insulation.
- The use of water repellents
- Use liquid glass.
In each of these cases, pretty high-quality waterproofing of the basement from the inside can turn out. The materials used are different. Next, we will consider what advantages and disadvantages all these technologies have.
Waterproofing waterproofing
Protection of basements from moisture can be carried out using rolled materials. Most often, the surfaces are pasted over with an ordinary roofing material. More modern and expensive analogues are also used. It can be euroroofing material or glassroberoid. As already mentioned, this method is used to perform such an operation as waterproofing basements from the inside, extremely rarely. Sometimes roofing materials pave the floors of the basement under the screed. In this case, water penetrating from below cannot lift it and tear it off the surface.
Coating waterproofing
This is the name of the method of protecting basements from moisture penetration, in which polymer-based compositions are used. Usually this is a different kind of emulsion or mastic with the addition of bitumen. They can be applied to the surface both in cold and in hot form. For waterproofing basements from the inside, these funds are practically not used. Bituminous mastics are also commonly used to protect basement floors from water outside.
Penetrating basement waterproofing from the inside
This method consists in applying special mixtures to the moistened walls of the basement. Contacting with water, they form crystals that fill all the surface irregularities and penetrate deep into it by 15-25 cm. The advantages of this method include, first of all, the complete protection of the walls and floor from moisture. In fact, it’s just the perfect way to waterproof the rooms from the inside, since when the pressure of the water outside, in this case, nothing will peel off or swell. The disadvantages of the penetrating variety include the fact that it can be applied only to concrete having a sufficiently large number of pores.
Basement Injection Protection
The advantages of this method include primarily reliability and efficiency. Injection waterproofing the basement from the inside is done using a special syringe (packer). In this case, methyl acrylate, epoxy and polyurethane compounds are used. This method is also very well suited specifically for the internal waterproofing of basements. Its disadvantages are complexity and high cost. However, the pluses include the fact that injection waterproofing can be applied locally, that is, only where, in fact, there is a leak.
The use of liquid glass
This is one of the most popular ways to protect basement floors. Cellar waterproofing from the inside with liquid glass is a relatively inexpensive method and is very effective at the same time. This product is sold in cans and is used in a mixture with concrete mortar. The disadvantage of this method is some complexity in execution. The fact is that after adding liquid glass to concrete, the latter loses its plasticity and sets in just a few minutes. Therefore, batches have to be done in very small quantities.
Liquid rubber
Using modern mastics, reliable waterproofing of the basement from the inside can also be done. Bitumen-based materials with latex additives (liquid rubbers) create an elastic and very durable waterproof film on the walls and floor of the basement. This is the only type of coating protection recommended for use from the inside. Liquid rubber is usually sold in barrels of 200 liters. A 2 mm latex film provides the same protection as 4 layers of roofing material. The disadvantages of this variety include only high cost.
Self-waterproofing basements from the inside using liquid glass
A mixture to protect the basement in this way can be prepared with your own hands. The basis for it is cement grade not lower than M300. It is mixed with sifted sand. Concrete is made in a proportion of one to two. Dry cement and sand are mixed first. Then add water and water glass. The volume ratio of the latter with cement is 10 * 1. Water is added so much that the solution is sufficiently liquid for convenient application on the surface. Knead it in small portions.
Before proceeding with processing, all surfaces must be cleaned of dirt, degrease and dust free. The mortar is applied in the same way as regular plaster in 3 layers. When using this tool, it should be borne in mind that liquid glass is a chemically rather aggressive substance. Therefore, the work must be done with gloves. In the event that the composition falls into your hands, they should be rinsed with a weak solution of vinegar.
A distinctive feature of cement mixtures with the addition of liquid glass is that when they are resistant to moisture, they do not tolerate contact with air too well. Therefore, it is advisable to go through the surface at the final stage with another layer - this time with ordinary plaster.
How to waterproof a basement with liquid rubber
Next, consider another popular way to protect the basement from moisture. Waterproofing basements from the inside out with your own hands using liquid rubber is carried out in several stages. First of all, you need to arrange good ventilation of the room. As in the first case, the walls and floor are first cleaned of dirt, various stains, paint residues or plaster. Also, all surfaces must be dedusted. This can be done using a conventional vacuum cleaner.
Next, the surface of the walls and floor is primed with a special tool, usually bundled with liquid rubber. Then, bitumen-latex mastic itself is applied to them. Greasing can be carried out with any convenient tool - brush, spatula, roller. When performing this work, it is necessary to carefully ensure that all cracks, corners and joints are filled with rubber. It is best to pour the paste in portions into a bucket and mix with a drill with a special nozzle. After application, the layer should dry well. In that case, if the work is done efficiently, the product forms a solid, sealed rubber "bag" in the room.
However, at this event, such as waterproofing basements from the inside, can not be considered finished. Liquid rubber will not let water through even with its high pressure. However, under its layer, concrete itself may begin to break down over time. As a result of shedding, water will fall directly under the rubber film, with the formation of bubbles on the latter. To prevent this from happening, the rubber layer on the walls should be additionally plastered or bricked, that is, simply press it firmly against the concrete surface.
Injection waterproofing
Although this method is considered one of the most effective, it is rarely used for self-protection of basements from moisture. It's all about the complexity of the work and the need to use special equipment. The cheapest of all materials used for injection is polyurethane polymer.
Of course, it is unlikely that someone will do such a difficult treatment with their own hands, but still briefly consider how to waterproof the basement from the inside using injections. This operation is performed as follows:
- 2 cm deep holes are drilled into the wall at a distance of half a meter from each other.
- Then, with the help of special equipment, the injection composition is pumped into them.
- Then, various events are held aimed at protecting surfaces from mold.
- At the final stage, the walls are additionally plastered.
Penetrating waterproofing yourself
In this case, the surfaces of the walls and the floor are also carefully prepared. In addition, they will need to be moistened with water. Penetrating waterproofing basements from the inside out with their own hands is carried out either on wetted or on freshly flooded concrete surfaces. Cracks in the walls should be opened and dusted. Then they need to be repaired with the selected type of penetrating waterproofing. The composition is to knead denser. After a couple of days, it will swell and tightly plug all the cracks.
At the next stage, a penetrating mixture is prepared, in fact, for processing the surfaces themselves. What should be chosen for such an operation as waterproofing the basement from the inside? Penetron is one of the best and often used compounds. On the surface of the floor and walls, it is applied in a very thin layer (0.02 cm). To achieve this, make a sufficiently liquid mixture. After the first layer has dried, the product is applied to the walls and floor again.
Pasting the floor of the basement with roll materials
The waterproofing of the basement of the garage from the inside, just like the protection against moisture in the cellar, should be carried out in stages. Start work usually with the processing of the floor. Only after drying of the selected product can you start waterproofing the walls. The floor, since it is subjected to the most severe pressures in terms of groundwater, should be given maximum attention in any case. Let's get acquainted with the technology of its waterproofing in more detail.
For processing the walls of the basement from the inside, ruberoid is not used. Firstly, it lags behind the surface as a result of external water pressure. And secondly, with its use in the future it will be problematic to finish the finish. However, waterproofing the basement floor from the inside using roofing material can be a pretty good solution.
In order for such protection against moisture to turn out to be high-quality, first excavation is carried out to a depth of about 20 cm. Next, crushed stone and sand are laid in the resulting foundation pit with careful tamping of each layer. Roofing material is laid on top with an overlap on the walls to a height of 20 cm. Next, the material is smeared with bitumen mastic. Then another layer of roofing material is laid. At the final stage, the basement floor is poured with a cement screed with a thickness of at least 5 cm.
As you can see, using modern materials to make the basement waterproofing is not too difficult. The most important thing is to observe the required technologies when performing work. In this case, the protection of the basement from moisture will be reliable and durable.