Any building cannot be without a protective structure - a roof. Its main task is to protect from rain and water. At the same time, going down the walls, water gradually penetrates the foundation. This leads to early destruction of load-bearing structures and not only. Therefore, you can not do without a drainage system of the roof. Before starting installation work, it is worthwhile to find out their main types and learn how to make accurate calculations.
What roof drainage systems exist?
Conventionally, all systems differ from each other in what material they are made of and in what way they are built. They are industrial production or made by hand. The latter method has its positive aspects: minimal costs and the ability to implement an individual, unique project. To do this, use galvanization, it has a minimum shelf life. But you will have to periodically inspect and repair - this is a minus.
Complex structures are made at the plant (without errors), they are easy to assemble and assemble. If necessary, you can change one span to another, it will be made by the same manufacturer, so that uniqueness and convenience are the main advantages in this case. But this cannot be said for the price, which is very high.
What material to choose from?
There is too much difference when choosing a material - plastic or metal, no. The first is assembled with or without adhesive. What is positive:
- Does not respond to solar radiation - the color does not change.
- Rust coating excluded.
- Glue welding is the best method that does not require constant monitoring of reliability.
- Light weight with good durability.
- Withstands temperatures from -40 to +65 degrees.
- During installation, there is no difficulty, the selection of any color, depending on the interior design.
- The ability to implement any project.
Among the pros, there are always cons:
- The drainage system of the roof does not withstand strong physical impact. Therefore, it is built on houses of no more than two floors.
- If any part breaks, then it will not work to repair it.
- If glue is not used for assembly, and there is a sealant between the joints, then it is necessary to check and replace this part, since it is abraded.
Metal construction
The metal structure can be made of different materials, this is what affects the final cost. What are the pros:
- Long service life.
- Reliability.
- It does not respond to natural precipitation, suitable for a multi-storey building.
- Resistance to fire, high permissible temperature indicators.
- Any sizes.
Cons of metal construction
Among the shortcomings should be highlighted:
- The cost is higher than that of plastic.
- It is difficult to mount one - heavy construction.
- There are not many flowers.
- If the protective layer is erased, rust appears, which leads to early destruction.
- There are not many additional parts, not for every roof.
To summarize is not so easy, to give preference to one of the materials is difficult. It is worth paying attention to the structure, how the gutter system of the roof, siding, etc. will be operated. The choice should be made not by price indicator, but by quality.
Installation work
The device of the gutter system of the roof begins with the following stages: the choice of type, materials and calculations. When buying, pay attention to bandwidth. It can be: 100/75, 125/90, etc. These two indicators indicate the diameter of the gutter and the main pipe. Each manufacturer makes individual sizes, it will not work to compare details from different manufacturers.
To select the elements of the drainage system of the roof, you need to pay attention to such points:
- How much maximum rainfall can occur in the area of residence.
- Determine the area of the ramp. For this, their data is substituted into the formula S = (A + B / 2) x C. It happens that the angle of the roof does not exceed 10 °, another formula is applicable to them: S = A x C.
After that, you need to decide which type will be relevant and calculate the amount of necessary materials. For clarity, each project is transferred to paper in the form of a drawing. Work with each material has its own characteristics.
Calculate installation data
Wizards advise you not to rush into the calculations, otherwise the installation technology may be disrupted as a result. SNiP of the gutter system of the roof and useful tips will be needed not only for beginners, but also for professionals. As a basis, as an example, a standard house is taken:
- The definition of the gutters is semicircular or rectangular. They take rainfall from the roof itself. The length of this part should be up to 4 m, fixed with hooks. The part is mounted in advance over the entire area at a distance of 60 cm. Taking into account the angle of inclination, the meter is selected depending on the perimeter of the entire roof. On sale there are piece designs of 4 m. Next, the desired length for the house of a specific quadrature is calculated. Another important point - it is worth rounding any resulting figure to an integer in a larger direction.
- The angle of the gutter. You can not do without it, since it is an opportunity to direct the flow of water in the right direction. The gutters can be external, internal and external. In the standard version, it is necessary to take 4 external and two internal, angle - 90 °. It is worth choosing this element depending on the existing design on the house.
- What else complements the design? The installation of the roof drainage system cannot be completed without a funnel (4 pieces and two plugs). The number of connectors used varies depending on the type of system. Often, angles are mounted directly, although some wizards use connectors. When the roof is too long, then in this case can not do without compensation connectors. Their main task is to keep the structure in the process of expansion and contraction (heating, cooling). It is worth evaluating the amount of water passing through the drainage system in order to calculate the number of funnels (one is not always enough).
- What to fix the gutters on? There are special hooks on sale, the sizes are different depending on the selected branch. The step between this fastener is different, but according to the standard scheme it is 60 cm. Be sure to use plugs. Sometimes the number of hooks reaches 70 pieces around the perimeter. You should not take a step more, otherwise the whole installation simply will not be kept under the wind.
- The pipe can be found with a round and straight cross-section for vertical discharge of precipitation. There are also special brackets on which the pipe is attached to the wall. In addition, there is a separation according to the material to which it is fixed (wood, concrete, brick). How many pipes do you need? The number should be calculated depending on the length of all the walls along which the installation will take place. The resulting figure is rounded up, since the presence of joints is completely eliminated. This can lead to leaks and more. For example, if the height of the house is 2.75 m, then you need to purchase 3 m, the rest will go to scrap. If you have a knee, you should put a bracket.
- Elbow pipe, drain. Sometimes you can not do without these components, because they are necessary based on the structure of the building. In the presence of a residential attic, the calculation of the roof drainage system has its own characteristics.
If you do not focus on the calculations, it will be difficult to do everything right.
What next?
Each step must be performed accurately, otherwise it will fail to complete the installation without errors:
- Fixing funnels on the roof.
- Fastening hooks to support the entire installation. It should be 2.5 cm from the funnel. Always check the angle of inclination. If the wall length is up to 20 m, it is better to fix the gutter at a right angle, at the end of the ramp. Another option is a double bias from or to the middle, in this position the highest gutters are above all. Water rushes to the funnel between them. With a length of more than 20 m, a reliable installation is required.
- Further work is carried out on the connecting elements. It is not always necessary to add compensation parts, and connecting parts are mounted between the brackets at the same distance.
- After the assembly, there is no need to forget about the expansion of plastic. Sometimes funnels with markings are already found, it is convenient and very useful for those people who do not have experience in such work. Work with glue does not imply installation of gaskets.
- Gutter connection. In this process, glue is used when laying the gutter or sealing gum. Compensation part does not imply the use of glue. The cap is fixed to the glue.
- It is necessary to calculate the distance and make holes for fasteners. The knee or funnel is placed first, then the line is laid, glue or sealant is not used. In parallel, the pipe should be fixed to the wall. If necessary, use tees.
- It is important to start the installation of the tide correctly. Precipitation coming from it should not fall on the foundation, otherwise it will not make sense.
The principle of operation with a metal structure is identical.
What mistakes are often made?
It’s difficult to do everything without errors in the work, but there are those that occur often, and you can try to avoid them:
- If the choice of the entire installation is made incorrectly, then the throughput is reduced, which means that the purpose of the drainage does not make sense.
- Making an estimate of the drainage system of the roof, you should not save on everything. For example, without putting the grate for catching garbage, you can run into a clogging of all pipes.
- Often the pipes do not withstand the angle of inclination, as a result, water simply pours out of the gutter.
- Use a minimum number of funnels.
- Few brackets. It leads to a deflection of the drainage system, which means inefficiency.
- A small number of clamps for vertical fastening. It turns out that under the wind, the mount simply tears off and breaks the sewer.
How is this dangerous?
Such errors will lead to the fact that the foundation will continue to get wet, which means that it will soon collapse. And the money invested in the drainage system was wasted.
Conclusion
So, we examined what the roof drainage system can be and how it can be installed. If desired, each person can cope with the work on their own. The result will be a robust design that protects the foundation from destruction.