The uterus is the most important organ for female reproductive health and external beauty. Due to it, the work of the entire reproductive system is carried out. However, many girls may experience structural disturbances in this organ. In these cases, experts say that the patient develops uterine pathology.
What are the pathologies of the uterus and vagina?
The female reproductive system is very fragile and any violation can lead to a malfunction of the entire mechanism, cause serious illness. It is worth noting that the pathology of the vagina and uterus is both congenital and acquired. there are a number of differences between them. Acquired diseases can occur due to a violation or as a result of an intervention. But congenital uterine pathologies develop at a time when the fetus is still in the womb. Their appearance is influenced by a number of causes and factors, as well as a person’s genetic predisposition.
The following congenital uterine pathologies are very common:
- Two-horned or saddle-type organ.
- The presence of a septum in the uterine cavity.
- Various manifestations of organ underdevelopment.
- Malfunctions in the normal functioning of the ovaries.
But the acquired pathology includes a wider range of diseases, among which very often there is a bend of the uterus and various anomalies on its neck.
Pathology of the cervix - what should I prepare for?
A woman should pay special attention to the health of such an organ as the cervix. Pathology in this area can lead to very serious consequences. Therefore, it is worthwhile to timely identify the disease and eliminate it at the very first stages.
The most common are the following diseases of the cervix:
- Erosion. During this disease, the mucous membrane is damaged, which is facing the vagina. Usually when viewed, it looks like a spot of bright red color. Sometimes with poor treatment, pseudo-erosion may appear - not completely cured erosion. As a result, nabot cysts may appear, which lead to clogging of the ducts of the neck glands.
- Diskeratosis is the layering of a large number of cells in the cervix. Usually this is due to the introduction of human papillomavirus into the epithelium, which can lead to the formation of cervical cancer.
- Papillomatosis or condylomatosis. These diseases mainly appear as a result of infection of a woman with the papilloma virus. Very often genital warts occur .
- Dysplasia. This is the precancerous stage of the epithelium.
In addition, a woman can be diagnosed with cervical cancer, which appears as a result of unfair treatment of other pathologies.
Uterine dysplasia - what is it?
Many girls hear about the problem, but do not always understand its essence. It is worth noting that uterine dysplasia occurs in a large number of women. During this pathology, serious violations occur in the structure and functioning of the neck, which ultimately cause cancer. If this disease is detected at the earliest stages, then it can be quickly eliminated with the help of special treatment.
Types of disease
Depending on the type of violation in the mucous membrane of uterine dysplasia, there are several forms:
- First degree. This is a mild form: altered and occupy only 30% of the thickness of the mucosa. Usually this degree proceeds imperceptibly and in 80% of cases resolves independently without treatment.
- Dysplasia of the second degree (moderate). During this type, the share of altered mucosal cells accounts for 60-70% of the thickness of the endometrium. Without treatment, this type of pathology resolves in only 50% of cases. In almost 20% of sick women, it passes into the third degree of dysplasia, while in others 30% is the basic basis for the development of a cancerous tumor.
- The third degree of dysplasia (severe form). In this case, the entire layer of the mucosa is occupied by altered cells.
Whatever the degree of the detected disease, it must be treated immediately.
Pathology of the uterine cavity
They are also quite a lot in medical practice. Basically, the pathology of the uterine cavity occurs due to inflammation in the pelvic organs, hormonal disorders and surgical interventions.
The following deviations and disorders are often found in the uterine cavity:
- The occurrence of endometrial hyperplasia.
- Myoma.
- The appearance of intrauterine adhesions.
- Various foreign bodies in the cavity.
- Inflammation of varying degrees.
At the first sign of discomfort, a girl needs to seek qualified help.
What is endometrial hyperplasia?
Many women, having heard this diagnosis in the gynecologist’s office, begin to despair. However, not everything is so scary. If this pathology of the uterus is determined at the earliest stages, it can be easily cured by choosing the right treatment.
Endometrial hyperplasia is the proliferation of a layer that is located in the internal cavity. Usually, such an increase occurs every month in any woman. During the action of erogen, the mucous membrane of the organ is prepared for the adoption of a fertilized egg. In its absence, rejection of the endometrial layer begins, which leads to its proliferation. Usually this phenomenon is observed before the start of the menstrual cycle. If there is a violation of this process, then the endometrium grows even more. The type of disease depends on the size of the layer.
It is worth noting that this violation is usually detected only by histological examination. This diagnosis allows you to accurately determine the localization of the disease, its shape and degree. At the same time, ultrasound and examination of a gynecologist provide significant assistance in making a diagnosis, but cannot accurately determine the presence of endometrial hyperplasia.
What is uterine fibroids?
The disease is quite insidious and dangerous. Uterine fibroids are a benign tumor. She does not belong to oncological diseases. This pathology of the uterus can appear both in the walls of the organ, and on the neck. The size of the tumor can be from a millimeter to several centimeters.
Depending on the location, the fibroids are divided into the following types:
- Subserous myoma. During this stage, the neoplasm is located on the outside of the surface of the organ, usually between the organs of the abdominal cavity and the uterus.
- Intramuscular fibroids. In this case, the tumor is located directly in the muscles of the uterus.
- Submucous myoma. The tumor spreads in the inner part, localized under the mucous membrane.
- Uterine fibroids on the leg. This form is found in both subserous myoma and submucosa. The difference is a narrow or wide leg.
Only an experienced doctor can correctly determine which disease a woman develops.
What causes uterine fibroids?
This disease mainly occurs due to hormonal disorders. Very often, myoma is observed in young women, its resorption occurs during menopause.
In addition, the occurrence of fibroids has a number of reasons:
- Heredity and genetics.
- Adenomyosis
- Inflammatory processes of a gynecological nature.
- Sedentary lifestyle and obesity.
- Abortion and installation of intrauterine devices.
- Sexual acts without orgasm.
The development of fibroids often provokes stress, which can lead to inhibition of the adrenal glands, ovaries and thyroid gland.
Intrauterine adhesions
What it is? Intrauterine fusion or synechia is a deviation in the anatomical structure of this organ. Often it is called Asherman's syndrome. This uterine pathology is described as partial or complete obliteration of the uterus by connective tissue adhesions. At the time of the onset of the disease, atrophic changes in the endometrium and deformation of the walls of the uterus occur.
The disease leads to malfunctions in the menstrual cycle, poor patency of spermatozoa, and violations during the implantation of the amniotic egg. As a result, infertility may occur. This disorder usually manifests itself in the form of amenorrhea or a hypomenstrual cycle. Very often in the presence of synechia there are difficulties in bearing the fetus during pregnancy.
Causes of adhesions
Synechiae usually appear for various reasons. Various infections, traumatic injuries or gynecological diseases can affect this.
Among the most common causes of the appearance of synechia are the following:
- Various infections.
- The consequences of genital tuberculosis.
- The effect of radiation therapy.
- Frozen pregnancy.
In addition, they are caused by traumatic injuries - disorders of the endometrial layer during surgical termination of pregnancy, diagnostic curettage, the use of intrauterine contraceptives and various operations.
Prevention and treatment of uterine pathologies
Of course, a woman will not immediately notice many violations and deviations, since they do not manifest themselves in any way. Typically, these diseases lead to problems in the conception of the child and ultimately cause complete infertility. Very often, many women suffer from the cervix, the pathology of this organ leads to serious consequences. Therefore, you must go to the gynecologist twice a year for a full examination.
If a woman has any disease, then the specialist should identify the center of uterine pathology. He then directs the patient to the appropriate doctor for further therapy. Also, during the treatment of uterine pathologies, a specialist can prescribe an ultrasound scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hysterosalpingography (GHA) and laparoscopic examination.
To avoid the occurrence of diseases, many experts recommend that preventive measures be taken:
- Be sure to observe personal hygiene.
- Every 6 months, do a scheduled examination with a gynecologist. Also necessary. take appropriate tests (smear - analysis for cytology).
- To lead a normal sex life.
- Observe the rules of protection during sex.
A woman needs to give up bad habits. Alcohol consumption and smoking lead to a decrease in immunity: the body is poorly resistant to various infections. The main thing is to be attentive to health. If you experience any discharge, pain, or other unpleasant symptoms, be sure to consult a doctor for examination and further treatment.